Buckminsterfullerene buckyballs

H.2 Construct a model of buckminsterfullerene. "buckyball". according to the directions in the reference in Footnote 2. 

Buckminsterfullerene Buckyball." or Cao. the most prevalent closed-shell allotrope of carbon. 

Synonyms Buckminsterfullerene Buckyball Footballene Fullerene C(60) [5,6]-Fullerene-Ceo-lh... 

Smalley and Robert Curl, succeeded in making an entirely new molecule, consisting only of carbon atoms and named a buckminsterfullerene (buckyball) because of the similarity of its structure to the geodesic domes of the architect Buckminster Fuller. The buckyball is a spherical structure of bonded carbon atoms and has many valuable properties. The three men were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in chemistry. 

So-called buckminsterfullerenes ( buckyballs ), only identified in the 1990s, are the manifestation of carbon atoms joined in yet a different way. As shown in Figme 1.2 an individual bucky ball comprises 60 or 70 carbon atoms linked through a series of pentagons and hexagons in a structure shaped like a soccer ball. These substances can act as superconductors but their range of applications has yet to be determined. 

Buckminsterfullerene (Cm or Buckyball ) is structurally related to corannulene. In which molecule would you expect 7U-orbital overlap be more effective Explain. How many chemically unique carbons are there in C6o Measure CC bond distances. How many unique distances are there Is each benzene fully delocalized or is one resonance contributor more important than the other ... 

Billups, W. E. Ciufolini, M.A. (Eds.) Buckminsterfullerenes, VCH, NY, 1993 Taylor, R. (Ed.) The Chemistry of Fullerenes, World Scientific, River Edge, NJ, Singapore, 1995 Aldersey-Williams, H. The Most Beautiful Molecule The Discovery of the Buckyball ... 

There now are known to be a whole family of caged carbon structures having various numbers of carbon atoms, including C30, C50, C7o, C72, C76, Cg4, and the huge C540. The name fullerene has replaced the unwieldy, Buckminsterfullerene used to describe this general spheroid structure of carbon, although they still are referred to as Buckyballs . 

Figure 4.19C shows Ceo, which is one type of fullerene discovered in 1985. It was given the name buckminsterfullerene because it resembles the geodesic-domed structure designed by architect R. Buckminster Fuller. Also known as buckyballs, Ceo is just one of several fullerenes that have been discovered. Others have been shown to have the formula C70, C74, and C82. Because of their spherical shape, researchers have speculated that fullerenes might make good lubricants. 

Cgg was named buckminsterfullerene, in honor of the visionary American architect Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983). Fuller is known for developing and promoting the geodesic dome, which resembles. (Buckminsterfullerene molecules are also sometimes called buckyballs.) Later, researchers discovered this molecule belongs to a family of related carbon structures, which have become known as fuller-enes. The smallest fullerene is containing 20 carbon atoms. 

Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley, Robert Curl, and their colleagues discover a different form of carbon, Cgg, also known as buckminsterfullerene or buckyball. ... 

Aldersey-Williams, JJugh. The Most Beautiful Molecule The Discovery of the Buckyball. New York Wiley, 1995. Scientific discoveries are often based on a complicated series of events. This book tells the lively tale of the discovery of buckminsterfullerenes (also known as buckyballs), and discusses their potential applications. 

Buckyball is an americanized version of the somewhat cumbersome name buckminsterfullerene, coined by Kroto for CM to honour the architect Buckminster Fuller who had built domes consisting ofhexa- and pentagons. H. W. Kroto, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1992, 31, 111. 

Buckminsterfullerene, or buckyball The simplest form of a fullerene resembles a miniature soccer ball made of 60 carbon atoms stuck together. 

Until 1985, the only known elemental forms of carbon were diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon. Then Kroto et al. announced the discovery of C6o, a spherical arrangement of carbon atoms in hexagons and pentagons, as shown in Figure 17.7. They called this form Buckminsterfullerene after the architect Buckminster Fuller, who developed the geodesic dome. The name for this type of carbon molecule has since been shortened to fullerene, but it is commonly called a buckyball. Since this first discovery, it has been found that fullerenes can be made in quantity from electrical arcs between graphite electrodes. About 75% of... 

Figure 7.3 The scientists who discovered the buckyball, also known as buckminsterfullerene, were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The molecule s alternate name is an homage to Buckminster Fuller, an esteemed architect who invented the geodesic dome.

Another major center of research on carbon nanotubes has been the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at Rice University. The center s director from 1997 to his death in 2005 was Richard Smalley, who was awarded a share of the 1997 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his part in the discovery of a new allotrope of carbon. The discovery, a 60-atom soccer hall-shaped particle originally named buckminsterfullerene, is more commonly known as a buckyball. The structure of a buckyball is shown in the photograph on page 91. 

Figure 1. A computer graphic of a buckyball molecule, or carbon cluster, also called a Buckminsterfullerene, named after American engineer Buckminster Fuller.

As stated by Smalley, the name [fullerene] was bom in the dimmest early thinking of how a pure carbon cluster of 60 atoms could eliminate its dangling bonds (Billups and Ciufolini, 1993, foreword vi). In an effort to make clear the shape of the cluster, Smalley asked Kroto the name of the architect who worked with big domes. The answer was Buckminister Fuller. Carbon clusters of all sizes were subsequently named Buckminsterfullerenes, fullerenes, or sometimes buckyballs. A third allotrope of carbon had thus been added to the two (graphite and diamond) already known (see Figure 1). 

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