Ribs bucket handle

Ribs individual ribs have rotary elevating or depressing motions. The entire thorax, how ever, expands in the anteroposterior plane (pump handle motion) and in the frontal plane (bucket handle motion). 

The handle on a bucket is fixed at both ends. The axis is closer to a sagittal plane in the lower ribs. With one end of the bucket handle fixed at the vertebral end, the majority ofthe rib elevation occurs through upward excursion ofthe iat-eral portion. This motion increases the transverse diameter of the rib cage. 

The costovertebral-costotransverse axis for the middle ribs lies at an approximately 45-degree angle to the sagittal and coronal planes. The motion of these ribs is of a mixed pump and bucket handle type with an increase in both the transverse and anteroposterior dimensions. 

FIG. 69-4 Rib motions (A) Bucket handle motion (B) Pump handle mot on. (C) Caliper motion. 

In a female patient, it may be preferable to evaluate pump handle and bucket handle motions individually by placing the fingers along the sternal border first and then along the ribs at the mid-axillary area. 

FIG. 70-3 Bucket handle motion testing of the upper ribs. 

If a group of ribs stops moving on one side before the other during exhalation, one or more ribs in that group have an exhalation restriction. The restriction may be of pump handle motion or bucket handle motion. 

Muscle energy treatment of the ribs is used to correct inhalation and exhalation restrictions of the ribs. Each treatment entails the following general principles y>ump handle and bucket handle restrictions are treated with slight modifications to the given technique. 

FIG. 71-2 Muscle energy technique for treatment of Inhalation restriction of first rib bucket handle motion. 

FIG. 71-3 Muscle energy technique for treatment of inhalation restriction of the second through tenth ribs (pump and bucket handle motions). 

Still technique for treating rib somatic dysfunctions generally relates to the positional finding, anterior or posterior, of the involved rib. A simple relationship between an anterior rib and an inhalation dysfunction and a posterior rib and an exhalation dysfunction is drawn, which also contributes to the initial placement into the freedom of motion followed by engagement of the barriers. Some modification can also be included for pump or bucket handle components as well. 

Assisting the diaphragm with inspiration are the external intercostal muscles, which connect adjacent ribs. When the external intercostal muscles contract, the ribs are lifted upward and outward (much like a handle on a bucket). Therefore, contraction of these muscles causes an increase in the horizontal dimension of the thoracic cavity and a further increase in thoracic volume. The external intercostal muscles are supplied by the intercostal nerves. 

Style AA-RB cast elevator buckets are used for handling heavy abrasive products under severe service and impact conditions. Buckets are designed similar to style AA with reinforcing ribs on the front and with backs twice the normal thickness. They may be furnished in either malleable or pearlitic malleable iron. 

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