Brzustowski

Brzustowski, T. A., flaring the State of the yWt, Loss Prevention Symposium, y IChE National Meeting, Mar. 20, 1977, Houston, Texas. 

A jet flame in the presence of a crosswind has been addressed (Brzustowski et al., 1975a Gollahalli et al., 1975 Kalghatki, 1983). Generally, the flame can be considered as the frustum of a cone, with increasing flame diameters further from the nozzle. Calculation methods and the effects of wind on the jet flame diameter and lift-off distance are presented in the literature (Beyler, 2002 SINTEF, 1997). 

The radiative fraction, x,., generally ranges from 0.2 to 0.4. This range reflects differences in fuel properties, with values of 0.2 for hydrocarbon fuels with one carbon atom (e.g., Q for methane) to values of 0.4 for hydrocarbons with five or more carbon atoms (Brzustowski, 1971). Fuels such as propane and butane (C3) have reported radiative fractions of 0.3. 

The heat radiated from the fire, Qr, is calculated from Equation (5-20) using a radiative fraction, x,., of 0.2 for methane (Brzustowski, 1971) ... 

Brzustowski, T.A. 1971. Predicting Radiant Pleating from Elares. EE 15ER.71. Esso Engineering Research and Development Report. 

Brzustowski, T.A. 1973. A New Criterion for the Length of a Caseous Turbulent Diffusion Elame. Combustion Science and Technology, (6). 

Brzustowski, T.A. 1976. Elaring in the Energy Industry. Progress Energy Combustion Science. 

Brzustowski, T.A., Gollahalli, S.R., Gupta, M.P., Kaptein, M. and Sullivan, H.F. 1975. Radiant Pleating from Elares. ASME Paper 75-PIT-4. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY. 

Keshavan, R., and T. A. Brzustowski. 1972. Ignition of aluminum particle streams. Combustion Science Technology 6 203-9. 

Brzustowski, T.A., and I. Glassman. 1964. Vapor-phase diffusion flames in the combustion of magnesium and aluminum II. Experimental observations in oxygen atmospheres. In Heterogeneous combustion. AIAA progress in astronautics and aeronautics ser. 15 117-58. 

Brzustowski, T. A., "Toward a Second-Law Texonomy of Combustion Processes," Energy (Oxford), 5, 743 (1980). 

T. A. Brzustowski and I. Glassman, Vapor-Phase Diffusion Flames in the Combustion of Magnesium and Aluminum I Analytical Developments, in Hetero geneous Combustion, vol. 15 of Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, H. G. Wolfhard, I. Glassman, and L. Green Jr., eds.. New York Academic Press, 1964, 75-116. 

Flare tips are designed to handle large velocities encountered during emergency situations. Brzustowski [10] describes the factors that influence the choice of tip diameter. Of all the considerations, the turndown ratio is the most important factor. Usually, the stack discharge velocity is over 100 m/s. The combination of discharge velocity and the local wind speed determines the flow pattern near the tip of the stack, which in turn determines... 

Sketches of turbulent propane diffusion flames in crossflow for different jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios. (Reprinted from Gollahalli, S. R., Brzustowski, T. A., and Sullivan, H. R, Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineers, 3, No. 4,205-14,1975. With permission from Canadian Society of Mechanical Engineering.)... 

Flames in the crossflow can exist in numerous shapes depending on the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio, Brzustowski s research team at the University of Waterloo studied turbulent hydrogen and hydrocarbon flames in crossflow and presented flame shapes, trajectories, and correlations for flame length in a series of papers [2,10,47-51]. As noted before, at low values of R the flame stabilizes in the wake of the burner. At these conditions, due to the intense mixing between the jet... 

Gollahalli, Brzustowski, and Sullivan [2] measured the size and centerline trajectories of TDFCF in high momentum flux ratios. Figure 29.8 presents the normalized flame width and thickness measured normal to the visible centerline at various downstream locations. After the jet was discharged into the crossflow stream, there was an initial sudden raise in the flame thickness due to the initiation of combustion process (see insert Figure 29.8a). The cross section continued to increase as the entrainment of air and combustion of pyrolyzed fuel components occurred downstream. After some point downstream, the rate of combustion decreased, which in turn decreased the cross-sectional dimension. 

Gollahalli, Brzustowski, and Sullivan [2] reported that the lift-off distance increases with an increase in jet exit Reynolds number and jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio. Kalghatgi [4] presented a universal nondimensional stability diagram from a set of systematic experiments with different fuels, burner diameters, and jet-to-cross-flow velocities. This curve presents the limiting conditions for stable, lifted, bent-over flames. 

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