Brookhaven Laboratory

Bloomery iron is characterized, however, by very low carbon content (Table 1) and if one wished to carry out a conventional carbon 14 dating, consumption of the entire 20 lb. bloom would have yielded only 4 or 5 grams of carbon, which is barely enough. For this reason, the Conservation-Analytical Laboratory of the Smithsonian Institution sponsored the development of the micro-scale dating procedures at Brookhaven Laboratory already referred to above [9,10]. 

Figure 2.1 X-ray diffraction profile of silicon ferrierite. Difference Profile is also shown. Data from Brookhaven Laboratory.

In recent years, disk centrifuges have been revived to characterize fine particles smaller than 1 pm, basically because of the work by Provder and coworkers in cooperation with Brookhaven Laboratories Ltd.. ... 

Sayre EV Brookhaven Procedures for Statistical Analysis of Multivariate Archaeometric Data, Brookhaven Laboratory Report BNL 21693... 

First peacetime nuclear reactor Construction on the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor at Brookhaven Laboratory on Long Island, New York, is completed. 

Radionuclide generator Powell Richards and Walter Tucker and their colleagues at Brookhaven Laboratory in New York invent a short half-life radionuclide generator for use in nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging procedures. 

It is now possible to measure directly by neutron activation the amount of Cd which has been accumulated in the two main sites of deposition, namely the liver and the kidneys. Researchers from Birmingham University (UK) (Thomas et al. 1979 Al-Haddad et al. 1981) and from Brookhaven Laboratory (USA) (Vartsky et al. 1977) have developed transportable measurement systems for in vivo determination of Cd by neutron capture y-ray analysis. 

In 1971 the Protein Data Bank - PDB [146] (see Section 5.8 for a complete story and description) - was established at Brookhaven National Laboratories - BNL -as an archive for biological macromolccular cr7stal structures. This database moved in 1998 to the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics -RCSB. A key component in the creation of such a public archive of information was the development of a method for effreient and uniform capture and curation of the data [147], The result of the effort was the PDB file format [53], which evolved over time through several different and non-uniform versions. Nevertheless, the PDB file format has become the standard representation for exchanging inacromolecular information derived from X-ray diffraction and NMR studies, primarily for proteins and nucleic acids. In 1998 the database was moved to the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics - RCSB. 

The "time of flight" mass spectrometer has been used to confirm that this highly radioactive halogen behaves chemically very much like other halogens, particularly iodine. Astatine is said to be more metallic than iodine, and, like iodine, it probably accumulates in the thyroid gland. Workers at the Brookhaven National Laboratory have recently used reactive scattering in crossed molecular beams to identify and measure elementary reactions involving astatine. 

PDB Databases Brookhaven Protein Data Bank Brookhaven National Laboratory... 

Mueller Associates, Inc., Syscon Corporation, and Brookhaven National Laboratory, Handbook of Radon in Buildings, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, 1988, p. 95. 

N. M. Bemholc, S. C. Morris, III, andJ. E. Brower, BiologicalPffects Summary Report4,4 -Methylenedianiline (BNL-51903), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y., 1985. 

Nuclear Data Sheets, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., TvaluatedNuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF), a computer database of nuclear stmcture data evaluated by an international network of evaluators, is maintained at the National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. NUDNTis a computer database of decay data extracted from the ENSDF. 

Where specialized fluctuation data are not available, estimates of horizontal spreading can be approximated from convential wind direction traces. A method suggested by Smith (2) and Singer and Smith (10) uses classificahon of the wind direction trace to determine the turbulence characteristics of the atmosphere, which are then used to infer the dispersion. Five turbulence classes are determined from inspection of the analog record of wind direction over a period of 1 h. These classes are defined in Table 19-1. The atmosphere is classified as A, B2, Bj, C, or D. At Brookhaven National Laboratory, where the system was devised, the most unstable category. A, occurs infrequently enough that insufficient information is available to estimate its dispersion parameters. For the other four classes, the equations, coefficients, and exponents for the dispersion parameters are given in Table 19-2, where the source to receptor distance x is in meters. 

Crease, R.C. (1999) Making Physics A Biography of Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1946 1972, Chapter 12 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago) p. 316. 

The simulation of molecular (or atomic) dynamics on a computer was invented by the physicist George Vineyard, working at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York State. This laboratory, whose biography has recently been published (Crease 1999), was set up soon after World War II by a group of American universities. 

The HFBR at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a heavy water moderated and cooled reactor designed to provide an intense beam of neutrons to the experimental area. In addition using thimbles i oiitaincd within the vessel, it provides isotopic production, neutron activation analysis, ami muiemi irradiations. It began operation in 1965 at a power of 40 MW to be upgraded to 60 MW m 19S2. 

Chu, T. L. et al., 1990, Quantification of the Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the High Flux Beam Reactoi (HFBR) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, ANS Topical Meeting, The Safety, Siauis and Future of Non-Commercial Reactors and Irradiation Facilities, Boise, ID, Sepiember Ol - October 4, 1990. 

Neither I, Brookhaven National Laboratory from which I am retired, nor the publisher arc I csponsihic for the materials presented here. 

At Brookhaven National Laboratory, I wish to acknowledge the support, assiscince. discussions and suggestions with Robert Hall (coauthor on the first book), and Drs. Roben Ban, Ah Azairn, Robert Bari, John Boccio, Lewis Chu, John Lehner, Semyon Shteyngart, and Trevor f ra( Helen Todosow was very helpful for library assistance. 

Dr. Richard Walentowicz provided the EPA CD-ROM disk entitled Exposure Models Library and Integrated Model Evaluation System" with other reference material. Lester Wittenberg of the Center for Chemical Process Safety, AIChE was particularly helpful in providing a chenncal industry perspective and reference material as was Dr. Steven Arendt of JBF Associates, Inc. Drs. David Hesse of Battelle Columbus Laboratories and Vinod Mubayi of Brookhaven National Laboratory were very helpful in providing material on the chemical consequence codes. 

A Review of Issues to Improving Nuclear Power Plant Diesel Generator Reliability Nuclear 5000 events from responses to USNHC and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) questionnaires Diesel generators 96. 

Contact James Higgins, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 130... 

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