Bronchodilators agent

Ephedrine was originally isolated as the active agent present in plant extracts used in ancient Chinese medicine for respiratoiy ailments. As long ago as 1921 the formation of optically active phenylacetyl carbinol (PAC) from benzaldehyde and pyravate by brewers yeast and cell-free yeast extracts was reported. The PAC can then be reductively animated to produce optically active L-ephedrine (Figure 4.18). L-Ephedrine is widely used in the treatment of asthma and hay fever as a bronchodilating agent and decongestant. 

Q10 Other bronchodilator agents include nebulized ipratropium. Ipratropium is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that helps to relax bronchial smooth muscle which has contracted via parasympathetic stimulation. The xanthines theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline ethylenediamine) are alternative bronchodilator agents. These agents may act as phosphodiesterase inhibitors and, although they have been used as bronchodilators for many years, adverse CNS, GI and cardiovascular effects may limit their usefulness. 

The major classes of bronchodilating agent administered via inhalation include short-acting... 

Regular administration of bronchodilating agents as monotherapy to control the clinical signs of airway obstruction is inappropriate (Sears 1995). Although these agents provide symptomatic relief of the clinical signs of airway obstruction,... 

Bronchodilator agent Anti-allergic agent Glucocorticoid... 

Bronchodilating Agents, Cards 177-180 Mucolytic/Expectorant Agents, Cards 181-182 Anti-Allergy/Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cards 183-185... 

Metabolism of other drugs - The metabolism of two bronchodilating agents vTas studied. One of tnem, isoprophenamine (l-o-chlorophenyl-2-isopropyl-aminoethanol), was converted by mice, after oraT dosing, to the urinary metabolite, o-chloromandelic acid, whereas rabbits and hiunans formed o-chlorobenzoic acid and o -chlorohippuric acid . The other bronchodilating... 

PQE2 bronchodilator effects were not blocked by bilateral vagotomy, adrenalectomy, beta adrenergic or ganglionic blockade. These agents may represent a new and novel class of potent bronchodilator agents. ... 

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