Broncho-alveolar lavage

The recruitment of leukocytes into the lungs following infection with S. pneumoniae is analyzed by broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid counts ... 

Quantification of Inflammatory Cytokines in Broncho-alveolar Lavage (BAL) As Parameter to Monitor... 

The MagNA Pure LC Instrument allows automated isolation and preparation of nucleic acids. The instrument performs up to 32 nucleic acid isolations in 1 to 3 hours from various specimens, which can include blood, blood cells, culture cells, plasma, serum, sputum, stool, broncho-alveolar lavage, plant tissues, or food products. 

Pisani RJ, Witzit TE, Li CY, et al. Confirmation of lymphoma-tous pulmonary involvement by immunophenotypic and gene rearrangement analysis of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990 65 651-656. 

Oral oseltamivir phosphate is absorbed rapidly and cleaved by esterases in the GI tract and liver to the active carboxylate. Low levels of the phosphate are detectable, but exposure is only 3 to 5% of that of the metabolite. The bioavailability of the carboxylate is estimated to be approximately 80%. The time to maximum plasma concentrations of the carboxylate is about 2.5 to 5 hours. Food does not decrease bioavailability but produces the risk of GI intolerance. After 75-mg doses, peak plasma concentrations average 0.07 pg/mL for oseltamivir phosphate and 0.35 pg/mL for the carboxylate. The carboxylate has a volume of disttibution similar to extracellular water. Broncho-alveolar lavage levels in animals and middle-ear fluid and sinus concentrations in humans are comparable with plasma levels. Following oral administtation, the plasma half-life of oseltamivir phosphate is 1 to 3 hours and that of the carboxylate ranges from 6 to 10 hours. Both the prodrug and active metabolite are eliminated primarily unchanged through the kidney. Probenecid doubles the plasma half-life of the carboxylate, which indicates tubular secretion by the anionic pathway. 

Matrix blood, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid... 

Rosseel, M.T. Bogaert, M.G. Valcke, Y.J. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of ampicillin in plasma and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid, using fluorescence detection. Chromatographia, 1989, 27, 243-246... 

Sample preparation Filter 1 mL broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (Tosoh Ultracent-30 with a molecular mass cut-off at 30000) while centrifuging at 1500 g at 5° for 30 min, inject a 100 (xL aliquot of the ultrafiltrate. 

Yamazaki, T. Ishikawa, T. Nakai, H. Miyai, M. Tsubota, T. Asano, K. Determination of aspoxicillin in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with photolysis and electrochemical detection. J.Chromatogr., 1993, 615, 180-185... 

Kay, A. B., Wardlaw, A. J., Collins, J. V., Dunnette, S., and Gleich, G. J. (1986) Eosinophil and major bhsic protein in broncho alveolar lavage in asthma Relationship to non-specific hyperreactivity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 77, 236. 

Endotoxin (5 mg per kg body weight intraperi-toneally) rapidly increased plasminogen activator release by rat alveolar macrophages (Etoh et al. 1984). There was significant positive correlation between plasminogen activator release by alveolar macrophages and fibrinolytic activity in broncho alveolar lavage fluid. 

Asbestos or silica inhalation studies in rats showed that the antioxidant response and, more specifically, mRNA levels of Mn superoxide dismu-tase and heme oxygenase, correlated well with the inflammatory response in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (Janssen et al. 1992). The upregulation of ornithine decarboxylase (Marsh and Mossman 1991) and c-fosic-jun protooncogenes (Heintz et al. 1993), need further human studies. 

The use of thin-section MDCT is recommended for early detection of pneumonia (Maschmeyer et aL 1999). The crucial fact is that CT allows for an optimisation for the indication and locahsation of invasive diagnostic procedure, e.g. broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL). On the other hand, the exclusion of pneumonia can be obtained with a higher confidence compared to the exclusive use of CXR. The sequential cascade as shown in... 

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