Brominated EPDM

Scheme 13 Grafting of PMMA onto brominated EPDM via well-known ATRP mechanism...

EPDM-g-PMMA was produced through ATRP with CuBr/bipyridine [80]. The graft copolymer, which had an ethylene-propylene terpolymer (EPDM) backbone and PMMA branches, was prepared from brominated EPDM that was produced with NBS to introduce allylbromine moiety on the backbone. Resulting EPDM-g-PMMA graft copolymers were characterized by solvent extraction, infrared (IR), and NMR techniques. 

Proper selection of plastic matrix fire retardants and property enhancers offers acceptable combinations of impact properties and heat-distortion temperature (HDT) values for fire retardant plastics. This can be demonstrated by fire retardant styrenics. Fire retardant enhancers have special interest as property enhancers for example the addition of a highly flammable material such as ethylene propylene diene terpolyer (EPDM), dramatically improves the bromine efficiency of octabromodiphenyl oxide in ABS by increasing char-forming without changing the Sb-Br reaction. 

Kumar et al. have studied the miUing behavior of brominated isobutylene-co-p-methyl styrene (BIMS) and its blends with EPDM [40]. Using the theoretical model of Tokita, they have tried to optimize the rmU parameters. They measured the critical nip-gap at which a front-to-back roll transition takes place. They concluded that addition of different fillers reduced the critical nip-gap for BIMS as compared to the gum polymer. The critical nip-gap is lower for systems containing... 

TG-MS is an ideal technique for identifying residual volatiles in polymers. The detection of residual volatiles (and of other impurities) can often yield clues as to manufacturing processes. In many cases, such as in the determination of highly volatile materials, of residual solvents or plasticisers, use of TG-MS is requested. Specifically, there are reports on the entrapment of curing volatiles in bismaleimide laminates [145] and elastomers [48], on the detection of a curing agent (dicumylperoxide) in EPDM rubbers and of bromine flame retardants in electronic waste [50], of plasticisers such as bambuterol hydrochloride [142] or TPP and diethylterephthalate in cellulose acetate [143], on solvent extraction and formaldehyde loss in phenolic resins [164], and on the evolution of toxic compounds from PVC and polyurethane foams [146]. 

Uses Reactive flame retardant for polymers which undergo crosslinking, e.g., XLPE and EPDM also rec. for ABS, and other styrenics Manuf/Distrib. AmeriBrom http //www. ameribrom. com Trade Name Synonyms Actimer FR-1033 t[AmeriBrom http //www.ameribrom.com-. Dead Sea Bromine http //www.dsbg.com]-, FR-1033 [AmeriBrom http //www.ameribrom.com. Dead Sea Bromine http //www.dsbg.com]... 

The formirlations based on EPDM and brominated butyl rubber are plasticized with PIB to obtain water tight joints of rubber membranes. Peroxide curing causes some degradation of brominated butyl rabber which tackifies product... 

Morita et al. have found a relation between the increase in the LOI and the polymerization rate of phosphorus- and bromine-containing monomers in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The polymerization of these comonomers is initiated simultaneously with the crosslinking of the polymer matrix, but the authors did not check if the comonomers are linked to the EPDM macromolecules. They assumed that the phosphorus-containing... 

Chlorobutyl provides flex resistance in the blend chlorobutyl rub-ber/EPDM rubber/NR for white sidewall tires and white sidewall cov-erstrips.22 An important application of chlorobutyl rubber in automotive hose is extruded air conditioning hose to provide barrier properties to reduce moisture gain and minimize refrigerant loss. The polymer is used in compounds for fuel line and brake line hoses. Brominated isobutylene-p-methylstyrene (BIMS) was shown to have... 

Chlorinated paraffins are claimed to be one of the lowest cost FRs besides the hydrated metal oxides. They can be used with antimony oxide as FRs in unsaturated polyester resin systems. Special grades have been developed by Dover Chemical in its Hordaresin and Chlorez ranges for flame retarding high-impact polystyrene, offering an absence of polyhalogenated biphenyls or dioxins, low cost, improved melt flow, and better UV stability than aromatic brominated FRs. They are also used in rubber compounds, where they can also improve tensile and tear properties of neoprene, SBR, and nitrile, and in EPDM rubber for electrical or roofing products. 

A halogenated flame-retardant plasticizer is produced by Uniplex, containing bromine and chlorine. It improves low-temperature brittleness and provides lower smoke than conventional brominated phthalate diesters, for use primarily in wire and cable applications of flexible PVC, EPDM, and thermoplastic olefins. 

The EPDM backbone can be brominated using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) to introduce allyl bromine on the backbone and then the brominated polymer (EPDM-Br) can be used in conjunction with CuBr/bpy to initiate the polymerization of MMA. Figure 11.28 summarizes the principal stages of the preparation method. 

Ellul [27] subjected EPDM/polypropylene and natural rubber/polypropylene blends to various halogenation treatments, namely fluorine/carbon dioxide, sodium hypochlorite/ acetic acid and bromine water. With the natural rubber blend, there was a substantial uptake of fluorine, chlorine and bromine in the surface regions as indicated by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and with all three pre-treatments the adhesion to an acrylic tape was greatly enhanced. In contrast, with the EPDM blend, fluorine was the only reagent which reacted with the rubbers and only this treatment resulted in a significant increase in adhesion to the acrylic tape. The above results can be explained in terms of the different concentrations of carbon-carbon double bonds in the two blends. Substantial incorporation of chlorine and bromine could occur with the natural rubber-polypropylene blend but not with the EPDM blend. However, fluorine gas will react readily with saturated hydrocarbons [28,29] and therefore the incorporation of fluorine into the EPDM blend is not surprising. 

Indeed, all NRTPEs whose surfaces are either chlorinated or brominated have up to a ten times increase in bond strength. In contrast, EPTPEs such as EPDM/PP blends show no improvement in bond strength, since such materials do not have the necessary residual unsaturation to permit chemical addition of chlorine or bromine. The bond strength of EPTPEs can however be improved by gaseous fluorination of the surface. 

The brominated liquid additives are low cost, highly efficient flame retardants and plasticizers with good color. They should be considered as flame retardants for PVC, polyurethane foams, textiles, carpet backing, adhesives, air filters and EPDM rubber. 

Tire treads are made from oil extended BIMS, butyls, EPDMs, polybutylenes, SBR, and their blends. Butyls contribute skid resistance, brominated butyls BUR + SBR can increase wet traction, and chlorinated butyl (CIIR) increases skid resistance and rebound. BIMS also provides good flex crack resistance. ... 

A review is presented of the literature describing the surface discolouration problem of tyre black sidewalls and approaches to the formulation of a black sidewall compound to eliminate this surface discolouration upon exposure to ozone. Methods include use of non-staining antiozonants and use of elastomers with saturated backbones such as EPDM, halobutyl rubbers and brominated isobutylene-co-para-methylstyrene. 67 refs. USA... 

A review is made of the literature describing the surface discolouration of black tyre sidewalls caused by exposure to ozone and formulation studies undertaken to overcome this problem. Methods examined include the use of nonstaining antiozonants and blending inherently ozone resistant rubbers such as EPDM, halobutyl rubbers and brominated isobutylene-paramethylstyrene copolymers with NR and/or polybutadiene. 67 refs. 

Description Bromine Waler+ Butadiene Butane % Cone. LOPE/ HOPE xlpe pp PVDF E-CTFE FRP PVC EPDM NEO- PRENE VITON 316 stain Less s s Nylon ... 

Brominated copolymer of isobutylene and para-methylstyrene (DIMS) is the latest new class of synthetic rubber that has been developed for the rubber industry. The sole producer of this new class of elastomer is ExxonMobil, which commercialized it successfully under the trade name Exxpro in the first decade of this new century. The advantage of this new polymer class vs. bromobutyl rubber is that this new elastomer possesses a completely saturated backbone and possesses more reactive benzylic bromine functionality than the bromine sites on the conventional bromobutyl backbone. This means that DIMS reportedly gives superior performance in service vs. BUR. This superiority is shown as better high-temperature resistance, better aging stability than either BUR or EPDM, better weathering resistance, and better ozone resistance. Also, BIMS provides the potential of imparting superior air permeability resistance. 

BIIR, 1 9 wt% bromine, 52 ML-4 at 125 °C, Polysar Ltd. Other elastomers with which halobutyl rubbers can >q blended and covulcanised include NBR, EPDM, SBR, PPO, and HR. 

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