Bristol-Myers Squibb market

Currently, Bristol-Myers Squibb is marketing Efavirenz under their brand name of Sustiva and Merck under the brand name of Stocrin . 

There are natural targets whose syntheses have important practical applications. For example, paclitaxel (marketed as Taxol by Bristol-Myers Squibb) is an anticancer compound originally isolated from the bark of a species of yew tree, but for a long time it seemed that natural sources would not be sufficient to meet the need. Consequently, many chemists developed synthetic approaches to paclitaxel from readily available materials, although these are not yet fully practical for manufacturing. The quest continues, and a semisynthetic route has been developed starting with a compound isolated from yew needles that can be harvested without destroying the tree. An alternative approach has employed plantcell cultures in bioreactors to produce paclitaxel from yew needles (see Chapter 7 for discussion of related matters). 

Baycol (cerivastatin, sold as Lipobay in Europe, Bayer) is a statin, a class of cholesterol-lower drugs. Statins are the most prescribed drugs in the United States, with more than 12 million people taking them, and more than 700,000 people in the United States taking cerivastatin. It received marketing approval on June 26, 1997 and was voluntarily removed from the market on August 8, 2001 because of its link to 100 deaths and several injuries from potentially the muscle disease rhabdomyolysis. The other statins — lovas-tatin (Mevacor Merck) pravastatin (Pravachol Bristol-Myers Squibb) simvastatin (Zocor Merck) fluvastatin (Lescol Novartis) atorvastatin (Lipitor Parke-Davis) rosuvastatin... 

Bristol-Myers Squibb licensed its AIDS drug, Reyataz, free of charge to two generic manufacturers in South Africa and India. This decision will make available the generic form of the drug to sub-Saharan Africa AIDS victims at affordable prices. Reyztaz was first marketed in the United States in 2003 and its patent expires in 2017. 

Baldauf, Sarah. Former Pharma Pitchman Beware of New Drugs. Interview with T. Nesi. U.S. News World Report 145, no. 10 (November 3-10, 2008) 64. Tom Nesi, formerly the director of public affairs at Bristol-Myers Squibb, has an insider s view of the sales and marketing tactics used by pharmaceutical companies. Based on his experiences, he warns consumers to avoid taking free sample pills, exercise caution when offered a new medication, and learn about potential side effects. Fie also talks about the history of Vioxx, a drug removed form the market after research showed it caused heart attacks and strokes. 

Bristol-Myers Squibb in partnership with Otsuka has recently marketed... 

Pravastatin (10) is another HMG-CoA reductase for the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis it is marketed by Sanyo and Bristol Myers Squibb under the trade names Mevalotin and Pravachol.87 It has a close structural relationship to lovastatin and simvastatin. It is produced by a two-step sequence. First, mevastatin (11), also known as ML-236B or compactin, is prepared by fermentation of Penicillium citrinum ss it is then enzymatically hydroxylated to produce 11 (Scheme 31.7).88-101... 

Imatinib (2),5 marketed by Novartis since 2001, is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved as a treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It inhibits the BCR-ABL kinase that is highly specific to leukemic cells. Dasatinib (3)6 and nilotinib (4)7 are two other BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibbs and Novartis, respectively. They are effective for the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML patients. 

There are several new factor Xa inhibitors currently under development. One is apixaban 40 (BMS-562247), which is in Phase III clinical trials and, if approved, will be marketed by joint venture of Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer for prevention of venous thromboembolism. The other factor Xa inhibitor being developed is otamixaban 41, which is being investigated by Sanofi-Aventis in Phase II clinical trials (at the time of writing) as a treatment for acute coronary syndrome. 

Bristol-Myers Squibb in partnership with Otsuka has recently marketed aripiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia. The synthesis (Scheme 20) begins with acylation of 3-methoxyaniline followed by Friedel-Crafts ring closure to give quinolinone 67. Hydrogenation provides dihydroquinolinone 68, which is treated with 1,4-dibromobutane in the presence of K2CO3 to afford 69. Compound 69 was treated with Nal and then alkylated with 2,3-dichlorophenylpiperazine to give aripiprazole (5). 

In 1993 and 1994 Merck, Lilly, and the then SmithKline Beecham all bought PBMs. In addition, Bristol-Myers Squibb had bid against Merck, and Pfizer and Johnson Johnson at one point considered purchasing benefits managers, too. Yet by 1999, Lilly and SmithKline had sold theirs at a loss, and Bristol-Myers, Johnson Johnson and Pfizer never got in. Merck alone seemed to be able to make its PBM, Merck-Medco Managed Care, work. By 2001, its market share was nearly 29 percent by 2002, it handled the prescriptions for 65 million people, or almost one-fourth of all Americans. 

Taxol la is an antitumor plant diterpene isolated from the yew tree Taxus spp. in the late 1960s. It was named taxol at the time of its first isolation by Wani et al. In the 1990s, when Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) launched it on the market, Taxol was registered as an anticancer product, and Taxol was assigned a generic name, pacli-taxel. Both taxol and paclitaxel are referred to in this chapter to describe the same compound. 

This key discovery prompted further efforts to develop improved cholesterol lowering agents. For example, chemical modifications of the methylbutyryl sidechain gave simvastatin (having twice the potency of lovastatin) (Figure 10) which is also marketed by Merck. Pravastatin, marketed by Sankyo and Bristol Myers Squibb, is the 6-hydroxy open hydroxyacid derivative produced by microbial biotransformation of mevastatin (Figure 10). ... 

An example of particular interest is epothilone from Sorangium cellulosum So ce90, which has recentiy been approved for the treatment of breast cancer. Epothilone inhibits microtubule depolymerization and is active against multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines and paclitaxel-resistant tumors. The most comprehensively characterized and so far only epothilone derivative, which received FDA approval for clinical use, is ixabepi-lone. The compound is marketed in the US by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) under the trade name Ixembra . 

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