Breeding techniques

Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L. 

There are three general approaches used in Jerusalem artichoke breeding (1) controlled crosses conducted under greenhouse conditions, (2) natural open-pollinated crosses using polycross nurseries, and (3) a variation of the latter where isolated pairs are allowed to cross in the field. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. 

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Wyss, E., Lammerts van Bueren, E., Hulscher, M. and Haring, M. 2001. Plant Breeding Techniques. An Evaluation of Organic Plant Breeding. Forschungsinstitut ftir biologischen Landbau, Frick. 

Breeding includes the choice of suitable performance parameters (breeding goals/traits), ways to combine performance information (e.g. selection index), selection of animals to reach breeding goals and the respective breeding techniques (e.g. natural mating, artificial insemination [AI]). 

Drosophila breeding techniques for detecting physical and chemical mutagens have been used for over 50 yr. H. 

However, this paper is designed to discuss the use of plant breeding techniques to modify the heredity of a plant species, enabling it to produce a crop or to survive in a hostile atmosphere. Hostile atmospheres, in the literal sense, are not new to the plant world. Man himself first... 

One must distinguish between resistant species and resistance within species. The use of the former as substitutes for susceptible species in parks, industrial areas, and other urban settings is more properly discussed in ecological engineering terms. We are primarily interested here in the identification and use of resistant variants within species and the use of several plant breeding techniques to obtain new and improved resistant varieties. These techniques include selection of resistant plants within varieties, selection of resistant varieties within species, and crosses between varieties with subsequent selection of improved progenies. 

Alfoldi, Th. (ed) (2001) Plant breeding techniques - an evaluation for organic plant breeding.- FiBL-dossier no 2, Institute for Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland. 

Breeding techniques and animal husbandry methods should be described, including addition or elimination of animals from the production herd. Animal feed and housing should be thoroughly described. Standards for registered facilities may be found in the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals [20]. 

The use of varieties of crop species that are resistant to pests and diseases. If the crop species has genetically based variations of tolerance to the pest or disease, then resistant varieties can be developed using standard breeding techniques ... 

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