Breeding cell lines

Animal Cell Lines Species, strains, breeding conditions, tissue or organ of origin, geographical origin, age, sex and general physiological conditions. 

Cellulases and other carbohydrases are being used to isolate higher plant cells and to produce protoplasts (67, 68), A new era in plant breeding is envisioned as cell lines are manipulated genetically by mutagens, protoplast fusion, or possibly transformed by DNA transfer. 

The time-honored method of controlling insect-borne virus diseases is by breeding resistant varieties. This has been practical in annual crops, but is hopelessly slow in tree crops, where it may take 20 years or more to test a new variety. What is needed desperately is some sort of treatment which will control the virus, probably a systemic treatment, as the virus works within the plant cells. This is not a new idea and work has been done along this line by many workers. A sense of urgency is inevitable, however, when 500 to 600 acres of citrus can be wiped out completely in 3 to 5 years time, followed by an expensive replanting job and a wait of 5 to 6 years to get back into production. This is the outstanding problem at the present time and may need years to answer. 

The effect of the genes, segregated in each line during the selective breeding, is at least partially expressed in the populations of isolated lymphoid cells. In fact, the in vitro immune response to SE is stronger with lymph node or spleen cells isolated from High than from Low responders It should, however, be stressed that the inter-line difference of responsiveness is considerably smaller in vitro than in vivo. 

Kita, Y, Nishizawa, K., Takahashi, M., Kitayama, M., Ishimoto, M., 2007. Genetic improvement of the somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in soybean and transformation of the improved breeding lines. Plant Cell Rep. 26, 439-447. 

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