Breaking points, predetermined

Usually, the supply of the feed solution is stopped when the ratio of the adsorbate concentration in the effluent to that in the feed has reached a predetermined value (the break point ). Then, in the elution operation the adsorbate bound to the adsorbent particles is desorbed (i.e., eluted) by supplying a suitable fluid (eluent) that contains no adsorbates. In this way, adsorbent particles are regenerated to their initial conditions. However, in some cases the column may be repacked with new adsorbent particles. 

The attrition of a diamond film is promoted by a high portion of sp -material. The grain boundaries in UNCD represent predetermined breaking points and facilitate fracture of the film. The comparatively low elasticity of diamond contributes to its friability as well. Furthermore, sp -carbon atoms are more easily oxidized at contact with air, leading to material losses of the film which thus might become porous upon strong wear. 

Silicone polyethers are the most common silicone surfactants however, presently various research teams are aiming at the replacement of polyethers by carbohydrates (367). The widely available carbohydrates represent the main part of renewable resources and could be considered to function as predetermined breaking points during biodegradation of hybrid materials. In the 1990s, the carbohydrate-modified silicones were developed as a novel class of hydrophilic modified silicones and are now ready for marketing and industrially available, mainly as ingredients of cosmetic formulations (367,368). 

A safety-related assessment of the described geminal fluorination of ketones with DAST was also performed 4]. Considering the overall process including pumps, reservoirs for substrates, products/quench solution, process analysis, predetermined breaking points, and so on, the continuous process with minifluidic devices is technically feasible and reasonable. 

From Biocompatible to Biodegradable Poly(Ethylene Glycol)s with Predetermined Breaking Points... 

The latter session included government perspectives from the EPA OPPTS, the EPA Office of Research and Development, the EPA Office of Children s Health Protection, the OECD, the EMEA and the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), in addition to industry perspectives reflecting both the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.19 The NIEHS/NIOSH workshop was limited to 23 invited participants. A limited number of background scientific presentations were given, and the emphasis was on break-out group sessions in which a series of predetermined questions were raised and key points were captured by rapporteurs.17... 

The agreed-upon changes must be incorporated into the existing performance objectives. Many evaluation systems break down when managers fail to incorporate and implement changes. There must be a point where some predetermined consequence for poor performance begins. 

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