Breaking Down the Scope

One may choose to prioritise areas which are likely to be associated with the greatest clinical risk or, if necessary, those for which most information is currently available. In this way, the hazard register gradually emerges from a number of assessment workshops in a logical and methodical manner in association with the relevant experts. 

Set out below are a number of analytical approaches which, taken collectively, can be used to tease out the hazards in a methodical manner. Each one essentially represents a different facet of the service, the alternative ways in which the same pie can be sliced. 

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An SCM improvement program should create momentum, break down the scope into manageable pieces, and explicitly manage the cultural and skill change necessary to ensure sustainability and continuous improvement. In addition, top management conviction and support are unshirkable prerequisites for success. 

Again regardless of in-house or outsource development, document a list of features and prioritize them. Break the project down into short, timeboxed iterations, each focusing on one or two of these features (Chapter 5). Do not let the iteration deadline slip. Reduce the scope of the iteration if necessary. Implement features with high business values and high business and technical risks in early iterations. Make sure each iteration delivers a production quality partial system to solicit feedback and let the system grow incrementally. The project plan should be adjusted based on the feedback. It is OK if the initial project plan is not accurate. However, it should become more and more accurate as more iterations are completed. Test and integrate early and frequently. 

More complex spin-spin interactions. As the chemical shift difference becomes similar to the value of the coupling constant, the first-order analysis breaks down completely. It is then not possible to measure either the chemical shift or the coupling constants directly from the spectrum and resort must be made to more rigorous analytical procedures which are beyond the scope of this book. However, there are available a variety of computer programs specifically designed to analyse complex n.m.r. spectra.3 1... 

What will happen further away from equilibrium when the linear relationship between cause and effect breaks down is clear from the above example but for other instances is the subject of much research and speculation. With nonlinear relationships, the scope of phenomena becomes nearly unpredictable. Nonlinear dynamics [9,10] may well provide the clue to the phenomenon of macroscopic complexity [11], a rapidly expanding field of science, defined by some [12] as quickly becoming a field of "perplexity."... 

In contrast to organic compounds and the minority of inorganic compounds mentioned above, the great majority of solid inorganic compounds have structures in which there is linking of atoms into systems which extend indefinitely in one, two, or three dimensions. Such structures are characteristic only of the solid state and must necessarily break down when the crystal is dissolved, melted, or vaporized. The study of crystal structures has therefore extended the scope of structural chemistry far beyond that of the finite groups of atoms to which classical stereochemistry was restricted to include all the periodic arrangements of atoms found in crystalline solids. 

Because fluctuations become large at the critical point, the simple, mean-field theory used here breaks down. Large fluctuations mean that the approximation, JijSiSj -> JijSi( ), used to simplify the partition function, Eq. 0-65), is no longer valid since the local value of the concentration is no longer approximately given by the average concentration. Even if these fluctuations are included as corrections to the mean-field approximation, the theory becomes quantitatively inaccurate near the critical point. A detailed theoretical treatment of these critical phenomena is outside the scope of this book (see for example Ref. 24). However, analysis of both simple mean-field theories plus their fluctuation corrections includes most of the important physics and provides a guide to when one must include more sophisticated treatments very close to the critical point. 

Other workers, including Bagal (149) and Rao (150) have reported correlations between Vmax values of /jam-complementary substituted nitrobenzene derivatives and various of the substituent constants. However, Brownlee and Topsom (151) have pointed out that these correlations have limited scope and significance, and break down when eleetron-withdrawing para substituents are included. Similar limitations are probably applicable to the correlation of s with n (Equation 90). 

The unimolecular reaction has become second-order, in apparent contradiction of expectation. The reason is of course that A —> P is not an elementary step. In particular, the fundamental equilibrium assumption breaks down and the rate is now that of an energy transfer process, beyond the scope of transition-state theory. Behavior at low pressure may be qualified as abnormal. 

A complete discussion of all the parameters causing premature quenching is beyond the scope of this paper. However, it appears that the major part of the problem is in the method of connecting superconducting elements together. Probably the resistance at the junction is so high that the I R loss heats the end of the superconductor above its transition temperature. As soon as a portion of the superconductor heats above its transition temperature, the I R loss in creases and the whole superconductor breaks down by heat conduction along the element. The most successful junctions have been made with a heli-arc welder, but these are still far from perfect. 

Decomposition (WBS, IDEF) Breaking a category down into lower levels for sharper definition of requirements. The term can apply to project scope, activities, tasks, and projects. IDEF decomposes processes in a supply chain in a similar way. (Adapted from PMBOK Guide — 2000 edition)... 

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