Branching enzymes characterization

Plant and Algal Branching Enzymes Characterization of Isozymes 464... 

Glycogenosis type IV (branching enzyme deficiency) results in the formation of a variant of glycogen, characterized by abnormally long inner and outer glucosyl chains and fewer branch points than normal. The abnormal variant is stored in sufficient amounts to cause some vacuolation. The clinical manifestations of this... 

Three forms of branching enzyme from developing hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm have been partially purified and characterized.260 Two forms are immunologically related to maize BEI and one form to maize BEII. The N-terminal sequences are consistent with these relationships. The wheat BEIb gene is located on chromosome 7B, while the wheat BEIad peptide genes are located on chromosomes 7 A and 7D. The BE classes in wheat are differentially expressed during endosperm development. BEII is constitutively expressed throughout the whole cycle, while BEIb and BEIad are only expressed in late endosperm development. 

Fisher, M. B., and Boyer, C. D. 1983. Immunological characterization of starch branching enzymes. Plant Physiol. 72, 813-816. 

Khoshnoodi, J., Ek, B., Rask, L., and Larsson, H. 1993. Characterization of the 97 and 103-KDa forms of starch branching enzymes from potato tubers. FEBS Lett. 332,132-138. 

Singh. B. K., and Preiss, J. 1985. Starch branching enzymes from maize Immunological characterization using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Plant Physiol 79, 34-40. 

Isozymes of plant starch synthases (2, 16-20) and branching enzymes (2, 16, 21-26) have been characterized. Presumably, they play distinct roles in amylopectin and amylose synthesis. Also, plant and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii granule-bound starch synthases (27-33) are responsible for synthesis of amylose. Mutants defective in this enzyme are known as waxy mutants and contain starch granules that have little or no amylose. 

As with starch synthases, many isozymes have been found for the Branching Enzyme, and they have been characterized in a number of plants. 

Branching isoenzymes from rice (21, 133), wheat (134, 135), and barley (136, 137) have also been characterized. The effects on starch structure in plants that have mutations in the starch-branching enzymes have been reviewed (2-4, 118, 124). 

McCue, KE, Hurkman, WJ, Tanka CK and Anderson, OD. Starch-Branching Enzymes Sbel and Sbe2 Erom Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Cheyenne) Molecular Characterization, Developmental Expression, and Homoeologue Assignment by Differential PCR. 2002 Plant Molec. Biol. Report. 20 191a-191m. 

MIZUNO, K., KOBAYASHI, E., TACHIBANA, M., KAWASAKI, T., FUJIMURA, T., FUNANE, K., KOBAYASHI, M., BABA, T., Characterization of an isoform of rice starch branching enzyme, RBE4, in developing seeds. Plant Cell Physiol, 2001, 42,349-357. 

Schwartz, S. H., X. Q. Qin et al. (2004). The biochemical characterization of two carotenoid cleavage enzymes from Arabidopsis indicates that a carotenoid-derived compound inhibits lateral branching. J. Biol. Chem. 279(45) 46940 16945. 

Duran, E., Komuniecki, R.W., Komuniecki, P.R., Wheelock, M.J., Klingbeil, M.M., Ma, Y.C. and Johnson, K.R. (1993) Characterization of cDNA clones for the 2-methyl branched-chain enoyl-CoA reductase. An enzyme involved in branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in anaerobic mitochondria of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 22391—22396. 

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