Brain microdialysis

Chen, J., Paredes, W., Li, J., Smith, D., Lowinson, J., and Gardner, E.L., In vivo brain microdialysis studies of A9-tetrahydrocannabinol on presynaptic dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of the Lewis rat, Psychopharmacology, 102, 156, 1990. 

I thank Owen Parkes for editing the English text. This textbook is dedicated to two of my research colleagues at INSERM Unity 26. The first is Doctor Jeanne-Marie Lefauconnier who will retire in April 2002 after a long and fruitful career studying the amino acid transporters at the BBB. The second is Doctor Gaby Boschi, who died in October 2001. Her work has provided us with unique insights into the impact of brain microdialysis on neuropharmacokinetics. 

BMS-505130 (7) is a potent and selective serotonin transporter inhibitor (SERT K< = 0.18 nM, NET K< — 4.6 gM, DAT K< — 2.1 (tM). In brain microdialysis studies, 7 demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in cortical serotonin levels. Compound 7 was also active in the mouse tail suspension model [15]. Following oral administration, peak plasma concentration of 7 was reached at 1.6 h and then declined to a concentration less than 10% of Cmax within 6 h. The short half-life of 7 might be advantageous for the treatment of PE where an acute effect to delay ejaculation followed by a relatively rapid fall in SSRI plasma concentration might be desirable. 

Parsons LH, Kerr TM, Weiss F. 1998. Simple microbore high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of dopamine and cocaine from a single in vivo brain microdialysis sample. J Chromatogr B 709 35-45. 

Graph used to calculate the point of no net flux for dopamine (DA). Using regression analysis, the extracellular concentration of DA is estimated via the difference method [the DA concentration in the perfusate minus the concentration of DA in the dialysate] plotted against the DA concentration in the perfusate. Values above the zero on the y-axis indicate diffusion to the brain, whereas values below the zero indicate diffusion from the brain. The zero point on the y-axis represents a steady state, at which no net flux of DA occurs across the dialysis membrane and represents the extracellular concentration of DA on the x-axis. Figure from Parsons, L.H., Justice, J.B., Jr. (1994). Quantitative approaches to in vivo brain microdialysis. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 8(3) 189-220... 

Dawson LA, Stow JM, Palmer AM. 1997. Improved method for the measurement of glutamate and aspartate using capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection and its application to brain microdialysis. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 694(2) 455-460. 

Morrison PF, Bungay PM, Hsiao JK, Ball BA, Mefford IN, et al. 1991. Quantitative microdialysis analysis of trasients and application to pharmacokinetics in brain. Microdialysis in the neurosciences. Robinson TE, Justice JB, editors. New York Elsevier pp. 47. 

Parsons LH, Justice JB Jr. 1994. Quantitative approaches to in vivo brain microdialysis. Grit Rev Neurobiol 8(3) 189-220. 

Timmerman W, Westerink BH. 1997. Brain microdialysis of GABA and glutamate what does it signify Synapse 27(3) 242-261. 

Timmerman W, Zwaveling J, Westerink BH. 1992. Characterization of extracellular GABA in the substantia nigra reticulata by means of brain microdialysis. Naunyn Schmiedeberg s Arch Pharmacol 345(6) 661-665. 

Westerink BH. 1995. Brain microdialysis and its application for the study of animal behaviour. Behav Brain Res 70(2) 103-124. 

Westerink BH, De Vries JB. 1988. Characterization of in vivo dopamine release as determined by brain microdialysis after acute and subchronic implantations methodological aspects. J Neurochem 51(3) 683-687. 

Westerink BH, De Vries JB. 1989. On the origin of extracellular GABA collected by brain microdialysis and assayed by a simplified on-line method. Naunyn Schmiedeberg s Arch Pharmacol 339(6) 603-607. 

My own research group has reported that the brain rewardenhancing property of -tetrahydrocannabinol, the addictive substance in marijuana and hashish, is much more pronounced in Lewis rats than in other strains, as measured both by direct electrical brain stimulation reward and by in-vivo brain microdialysis of synaptic DA overflow in... 

Most electrode materials that are employed in LCEC can also be used for CEEC. The most commonly employed working electrode is a carbon fiber. Carbon fibers come in many different sizes and can also be etched to smaller diameters. Common applications of CEEC with carbon fiber electrodes are the detection of catecholamines in single neuronal cells and amino acids in brain microdialysis samples following derivatization with NDA/CN. 

Peters JL, Yang H, Michael AC. Quantitative aspects of brain microdialysis. Analytica Chimica Acta 2000, 412, 1-12. 

Sharp T, Bramwell SR, Grahame-Smith DG. 5-HTj agonists reduce 5-hydroxytryptamine release in rat hippocampus in vivo as determined by brain microdialysis. Br J Pharmacol 1993 96 283-290. 

Celada P, Artigas F. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors increase preferentially extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine in the midbrain raphe nuclei. A brain microdialysis study in the awake rat. Nanny n-Schrnicdcbcrgs Arch Pharmacol 1993 347 583-590. 

Mitani A. and Kataoka K. (1991) Critical levels of extracellular glutamate mediating gerbil hippocampal delayed neuronal death during hypothermia brain microdialysis study. Neuroscience 42, 661-670. 

Di Chiara G, Tanda G, Carboni E (1996) Estimation of in vivo, neurotransmitters release by brain microdialysis the issue of validity. Behav Pharmacol 7 640-657. 

Figure 6.2 In vitro recovery versus flow rate for a typical microdialysis probe (CMA/ 10, 4 mm polycarbonate membrane, cut off 20,000 Da) in a quiescent medium and at ambient temperature. Typical flow rates used from brain microdialysis applications are in the range of 0.1 to 5 /ttL/min.

Kiuchi, Y., Inagaki, M., Izumi, J., Matsumoto, M., Yamazaki, Y., Oguchi, K. (1992). Effect of local cyanide perfusion on rat striatal extracellular dopamine and its metabolites as studied by in vivo brain microdialysis. Neurosci. Lett. 147 193-6. 

Okuno, S., Sakurada, K., Ohta, H., Ikegaya, H., Kazui, Y., Akutsu, T., Takatori, T., Iwadate, K. (2008). Blood-brain barrier penetration of novel pyridinealdoxime methiodide (PAM)-type oximes examined by brain microdialysis with LC-MS/MS. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 227 8-15. 

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