Braid Geometry

One repeat of the hraid fabric along the braid axis is called a plait [30]. For a regular braid, the plait length is calculated according to Eq. (10.24). 

The maximum crimp angle a is calculated at the middle plait length from the derivative of the BY cosine path, as shown by Eq. (10.26). 

It is generally accepted that the specific volume of the yams inside the fabric remains constant, but the cross-section dimensions of the yarn are assumed to 

The first critical gap is situated along the braid axis on a plane that cuts the BYs between the MEYs. This gap depends on the width of the BY situated at mid-diameter ( Byp), the pitch, the number of BY, and the braiding angle. This gap is calculated by the following equation 

The second critical pitch separates the BYs at the surface of the braid and depends on the BY width at surface ( bys), the braid angle, and the pitch divided by half of 

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Scanning electron microscopy Stitch density, woven fabric count or braid geometry Fabric thickness Mass per unit area Relative density Porosity Fiber type... 

Although widely being explored, the majority of the automated production of 3D braids is often limited to fabricate constant cross-sectional 3D braid geometry. However, the production of a tubular or bifurcated structure requires variations in the geometry of the cross sections. This leads to manual interference in the production process, which slows the production process and constrains the use of 3D braids to products with small quantities. Thus, development of a fuUy automated process will clear the way towards the production of 3D braids in large quantities and allow the use of 3D braids in wide areas of application. Examples are the preforms in composites, for example, stmctural stiffeners in car bodies or as stents in a medical devices. 

A variation of the torsion pendulum, torsional braid analysis (TBA), utilizes a supported specimen so that the dynamic mechanical properties of a sample can be monitored in the liquid as well as the solid states (1, 2). An inert multifilamented glass braid is impregnated with the sample (usually in its liquid state or in solution). The observed dynamic mechanical properties are relative due to the composite nature and complex geometry of the specimen. 

Inhib refers to the percentage inhibition at 100 fiM. (l)The phosphate is replaced by COOH (2) the geometry of the double braid is entgegen or a combination of entgegen and zuzammen. 

A series of parallel spines (current collectors) are connected at the upper end to a common connector bar (connector bus) which ends with a plate lug. The spines are positioned in the centre of tubes made of either woven, braided or felt acid-resistant glass wool or synthetic organic fibres. Depending on their shape (cross-sectional geometry), tubes may be cylindrical (round), elliptical (oval) or rectangular (square). Cylindrical tubes with the spines (current... 

The potential complexity of the braided shucture, particularly the three-dimensional architectures, is such that the characterisation of the structures is often taken to be a major first step in modelling the behaviour of the reinforced material. The desired outcome of this work is to present a three-dimensional visualisation of the structure (e.g. Pandey and Hahtf ) or to develop models to describe the structural geometry (e.g. Du et aV ). Analytical models for predicting properties are frequently developments... 

Dqiending on the final application of a textile scaffold, warp knittii weaving, braiding and non-woven technologies can be used to manufacture the textile structure. Thermal treatment can be iqqilied to adjust the pmoshy, geometry and elasticity of the produced textiles. 

Illustration of braided structures (a) 1/1, (b) 2/2, (c) circular braid without core, (d) circular braid with core and (e) idealized geometry showing factors, braid angle a and pick spacing x, which affect mechanical properties of braids. 

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