Boyle volume

The temperature at which B changes sign is called the Boyle temperature Tg it occurs at roughly two-thirds of the critical temperature, Tg/T 2/3. The Boyle temperature is used in Figure 4.10 to make the plotted temperature dimensionless. To make B and C dimensionless, we use the Boyle volume which is defined by [20]... 

Figure 4.10 Temperature dependence of the second and third virial coefficients for pure helium. Here B = B/vg and C = Ch-g, where Vg is the Boyle volume defined in (4.5.12) and Tg is the Boyle temperature. Data taken from Dymond and Smith [21].

Other common reduction parameters are the Boyle temperature 7b, and the Boyle volume... 

The Sceptiecd Chemist and Boyle s paper on the disintegration and re-composition of saltpetre are in The Works of Robert Boyle, Volume 2. An appendix he added to it over a decade later. The Produeibleness of Chymiecd Principles appears in Volume 9. Indicator tests are described in Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours in Volume 4 and the work on phosphorus in Volume 9. A critique of chemical principles and Boyle s attempts to contrive mechanisms for a range of chemical phenomena such as precipitation and the action of acids can be found in his essay on The Mechanical Origin of Qualities in Volume 8. 

Boyle s law At constant temperature the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. Although exact at low pressures, the law is not accurately obeyed at high pressures because of the finite size of molecules and the existence of intermolecular forces. See van der Waals equation. 

The properties of hydrocarbon gases are relatively simple since the parameters of pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) can be related by a single equation. The basis for this equation is an adaptation of a combination of the classical laws of Boyle, Charles and Avogadro. 

Theta conditions in dilute polymer solutions are similar to tire state of van der Waals gases near tire Boyle temperature. At this temperature, excluded-volume effects and van der Waals attraction compensate each other, so tliat tire second virial coefficient of tire expansion of tire pressure as a function of tire concentration vanishes. On dealing witli solutions, tire quantity of interest becomes tire osmotic pressure IT ratlier tlian tire pressure. Its virial expansion may be written as... 

Boyle s law states that the volume of a given quantity of a gas varies inversely as the pressure, the temperature remaining constant. That is. 

It is interesting to note that for a van der Waals gas, the second virial coefficient equals b - a/RT, and this equals zero at the Boyle temperature. This shows that the excluded volume (the van der Waals b term) and the intermolecular attractions (the a term) cancel out at the Boyle temperature. This kind of compensation is also typical of 0 conditions. 

These equations combine Boyle s law, which states that when temperature is held constant the volume varies inversely with the pressure, and the law of Guy-Lussac, which states that when pressure is held constant the volume varies in proportion to the absolute temperature. 

Tlie two precursors of tlie ideal gas law were Boyle s low and Charles law. Boyle found tliat tlie volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to die absolute pressure if die temperature is kept constant, tliat is,... 

Boyle s Law. At constant temperature (T), the volume (V) of a fixed mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure (P). That is,... 

Meters are accurate within close limits as legislation demands. However, gas is metered on a volume basis rather than a mass basis and is thus subject to variation with temperature and pressure. The Imperial Standard Conditions are 60°F, 30inHg, saturated (15.56°C, 1913.7405 mbar, saturated). Gas Tariff sales are not normally corrected, but sales on a contract basis are. Correction may be for pressure only on a fixed factor basis based on Boyle s Law or, for larger loads, over 190,000 therms per annum for both temperature and pressure using electronic (formerly mechanical) correctors. For high pressures, the compressibility factor Z may also be relevant. The current generation of correctors corrects for pressure on an absolute basis taking into account barometric pressure. 

Pressure, temperature, and volume are properties of gases that are completely interrelated. Boyle s law and Charles law may be combined into one equation that is referred to as the ideal gas law. This equation is always true for ideal gases and is true for real gases under certain conditions. 

As oil is pumped into the accumulator, compressing the nitrogen, the nitrogen temperature increases (Charles law). Therefore, the amount of oil stored will not be quite as much as calculated with Boyle s law unless sufficient time is allowed for the accumulator to cool to atmospheric temperature. Likewise, when oil is discharged, the expanding nitrogen is cooled. So, the discharge volume... 

If a fixed amount of gas is placed in a container of variable volume (such as a cylinder fitted with a piston), the gas will fill completely the entire volume, however large it may be. If the volume is changed, the pressure exerted by the gas will also change. As the volume decreases, the pressure increases. This property is called Boyle s law and can be written as ... 

According to Boyle s law, pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume, if the temperature is held constant. For example, 2 ft at 4 psi would exert only 1 psi if allowed to expand 8 ft. ... 

Basic concepts discussed here are atmospheric pressure vacuum gage pressure absolute pressure Boyle s law or pressure/volume relationship Charles law or temper-ature/volume relationship combined effects of pressure, temperature and volume and generation of pressure or compression. 

Boyle s Law states that, for an ideal gas, the product of pressure and volume at constant temperature is a constant ... 

The quantity Jc3, like k2 and k2, is a constant This is the equation of an inverse proportionality. The fact that volume is inversely proportional to pressure was first established in 1660 by Robert Boyle (1627-1691), an Irish experimental scientist The equation above is one form of Boyle s law. 

Kinetic theory A theory of matter based on the mathematical description of the relationship between pressures, volumes, and temperatures of gases (PVT phenomena). This relationship is summarized in the laws of Boyle s law, Charle s law, and Avogadro s law. 

If the temperature is maintained constant, the volume is found experimentally to be approximately inversely proportional to the pressure (Boyle s law) ... 

Definition.—An ideal gas is a fluid which obeys Boyle s law, and the internal energy of which is independent of the volume ... 

The thermometer may operate either at constant volume, or at constant pressure, since, if the gas obeys Boyle s law, (3 = a. 

Boyles Law states The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its absolute pressure, at a constant temperature. PjVj — P2V2... 

Summaries of the properties of gases, particularly the variation of pressure with volume and temperature, are known as the gas laws. The first reliable measurements of the properties of gases were made by the Anglo-Irish scientist Robert Boyle in 1662 when he examined the effect of pressure on volume. A century and a half later, a new pastime, hot-air ballooning, motivated two French scientists, Jacques Charles and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, to formulate additional gas laws. Charles and... 

FIGURE 4.7 (a) In Boyle s experiment, a gas was trapped by mercury inside the closed end of a J-shaped tube. (b)The volume of the trapped gas decreased as the pressure on it was increased by adding more mercury to the open end of the tube. 

FIGURE 4.8 Boyle s law summarizes the effect of pressure on the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature. As the pressure of a gas sample is increased, the volume of the gas decreases. 

Boyle s law For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, volume is inversely proportional to pressure. 

FIGURE 4.9 When the pressure is plotted against 1/volume, a straight line is obtained. Boyle s law breaks down at high pressures, and a straight line is not obtained in these regions (not shown). 

SOLUTION We expect the final pressure, P2, to be higher than the initial pressure, Pt, because the volume occupied by the air has been decreased. Follow the second procedure in Toolbox 4.1. Only the pressure and volume change, so all other variables cancel, resulting in Boyle s law. 

The entropy change accompanying the isothermal compression or expansion of an ideal gas can be expressed in terms of its initial and final pressures. To do so, we use the ideal gas law—specifically, Boyle s law—to express the ratio of volumes in Eq. 3 in terms of the ratio of the initial and final pressures. Because pressure is inversely proportional to volume (Boyle s law), we know that at constant temperature V2/Vj = E /E2 where l is the initial pressure and P2 is the final pressure. Therefore,... 

Boyle s law At constant temperature, and for a given sample of gas, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure P 1/V. 

Boyle also observed that heating a gas causes it to expand in volume, but more than a century passed before Jacques-Alexandre-Cesar Charles reported the first quantitative studies of gas volume as a function of temperature. Charles found that for a fixed amount of gas, a graph of gas volume vs. temperature gives a straight line, as shown in Figure 5. In other words, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature ... 

The work of Boyle, Charles, and other early scientists showed that the volume of any gas is proportional to the amount of gas, proportional to the temperature, and inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas. As the experiments show, P, T, and n can vary independently. This independence lets us link the four variables in a single nT... 

---