Boundary conditions transmissive

The field amplitudes are written as scalars because reflection and transmission at normal incidence are independent of polarization. At the first boundary (z = 0), the amplitudes satisfy the usual boundary conditions ... 

The consequences of these boundary conditions strictly limit the secondary Ion transmission efficiency of the Instrument and thus, ultimately, the sensitivity of the analysis. 

In order to facilitate the modeling as well as the physical interpretation of the pressure transmission - chemical potential test, the loading is decomposed into two fundamental modes corresponding to a hydraulic and a chemical perturbation. The upstream boundary conditions at 2 0 for each of the loading... 

Fig. 6 Simulation of the transmission spectrum assuming a one dimensional potential of -5 V at the gold substrate side and zero elsewhere, except for a positive spike (0.1 A, 7 V) at 50 A away from the gold. The spike represents the border between the monolayer material and vacuum. Outgoing waves from the monolayer boundary conditions are presented...

To solve Equation (38) boimdary conditions which describe the reflection and transmission of radiation at the boimdaries are required. In principle, boimdary conditions can only be established in a rigorous manner for the radiative intensity, not for G, because the optical properties of the interfaces depend on the direction of incidence of radiation. Because the PI approximation solves for an integrated quantity like G instead, approximate boundary conditions must be established (Modest, 2003). One possibility is the Marshak boundary condition (Marshak, 1947), which comes from considering the continuity of the radiative flux through the interface. If this continuity is considered together with the assumption (34) of the PI approximation and Equation (37), the following equation is obtained (Spott and Svaasand, 2000)... 

A regional numerical model produced by Vobomy et al. (1991) has provided an estimate of the main flows within a vicinity of several kilometres around the GTS, while a second model has allowed deriving more details of the site area. These models have been used as references to infer boundary conditions for the more heavily-localized model performed. Two shear zones (K and S) located within the vicinity of the FEBEX tunnel constrain groundwater flow due to their high transmissivity and therefore constitute FEBEX environment boundaries in subsequent model, they have been considered as imposed head limits (see Figure 3). 

Under oblique incidence ( j=incidence angle, 2=refraction angle, with nisin i = n2 sin 2), the reflection and transmission coefficients depend on the polarization of the incident wave with respect to the incidence plane (see Fig. 6.1). If the polarization (direction of the electric field Eq) is perpendicular to the incidence plane (so-caUed s-polarization), the electric field is everywhere parallel to the interface, and using the same rules as above for the boundary conditions, its amplitude at the interface is now E()X2niCosi+n2Cosg>2), stiU much smaller than Eg [15]. However, if the polarization lies in the incidence plane (so-caUed p-polarization), the electric field has a component parallel to the interface and a component perpendicular to the interface. The parallel... 

Fresnel equations relate the electric field strength amphtudes of the incident, reflected, and transmitted waves. They are solutions of Maxwells equations by applying the above-mentioned boundary conditions. It can be shown that for a plane boundary between two non-magnetic isotropic phases of infinite thickness, schematically depicted in Fig. 9.1, the Fresnel reflection (r) and transmission (t) coefficients for s- and p-polarized light are given by the following equations ... 

The selection of the best configuration depends on many factors, including the type of driving force and mechanical transmission, operating strain, total amount of film needed, and the desired form factor. It is desirable to have the boundary conditions impose a uniform strain over the entire range of operation. The examples in Fig. 3.4 come close to this ideal. 

ABSTRACT With the increase of mine exploitation depth and appliance widely of large-scale full-mechanized equipment, coal block gas emission has been one of the most gas effusion source. Base on unsteady diffusion theory and mass transmission fundamental, the mathematical and physical model of gas diffusion through coal particles with third type boundary condition was founded and its analytical solution was obtained by separate variableness method. The characteristics of gas through coal particles was analyzed according as mass transmission theory of porous material. The results show that the Biot s criterion of mass transmission can reflect the resistance characteristic of gas diffusion and the Fourier s criterion of mass transmission can represent the dynamic feature of diffusion field varying with time. 

Coal particle gas diffusion mathematical model was set up basing on the third boundary condition and taking into account gas mass transmission characteristics on borderline. The applying scope includes gas diffusion model under the first boundary condition, thus it is not only more scientific and reasonable, but also is provided with application more widely. 

This is denoted as diffusion for the transmissive boundary condition. The corresponding complete impedance is [5]... 

Fig. II.5.5 Nyquist impedance plot due to finite length diffusion with a transmissive boundary condition...

Let us now assume an open-circuit condition at the far end of the transmission line, i.e. no direct current can flow in the actual system. This is defined as diffusion in the case of the reflective boundary condition. At the far end complete blocking of diffusion occurs. This results in a vertical line at low frequencies in the Nyquist plot corresponding to a capacity only (Fig. II.5.6). Here, at very low frequencies, resistance and capacity C are in series. 

Thermal Diffusivity - The thermal diffusivity [D = k/(pCp)] of S10C-N312 BN 2-D composites was determined by the laser flash method in which a laser is used as a heat source and the thermal pulse transmission speed is measured in the desired orientation. Thermal diffusivity measurements were made both in-plane and through-plane ofthe 2-D composite. The specimen size was 9x9x2 mm square. The thermal diffusivity was calculated from solution of the diffusion equation for heat flow with the known boundary conditions. Details of this procedure are found in ASTM Standard Test Method E37.05 (Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method). 

When a transmission line is terminated by a load with an impedance of as shown in Fig. 4, the current and voltage at the load must satisfy the relationship, V = IZ. By using this boundary condition and Eqs. 12, 13, and 14, the reflection coefficient is found as... 

For nonabsorbing materials, the boundary conditions (1.4.7°) lead to the Fresnel formulas for the amplitude of reflection and transmission coefficients (1.4.5°) ... 

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