Botulism antitoxin, trivalent

Botulism Botulism antitoxin (trivalent, types Consult the CDC.3 Treatment and prophylaxis of botulism. Available from the CDC.3 Ten to 20... 

Hatheway, C.L., Snyder, J.D., Seals, J.E., EdeU, T.A., and Lewis, Jr., G.E. 1984. Antitoxin levels in botulism patients treated with trivalent equine botulism antitoxin to toxin types A, B, and E. J. Infect. Dis. 150 407 12. 

Drugs There is an antitoxin stored at the CDC. To arrange to use this antitoxin, call your state health department (or CDC at 404-639-2206 or 404-639-3753 workdays, or call weekends or evenings at 404-639-2888). This chemotherapy (antitoxin) available from CDC is a licensed trivalent equine antitoxin for serotypes A, B, and E. There is no reversal of botulism disease with this drug, but the antitoxin does usually prevent further nerve damage. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has a heptavalent equine despeciated antitoxin for serotypes A - G (IND). DOD also has pentavalent toxoid (vaccine) for serotypes A - E (IND). The currently recommended schedule is for use at zero, two, and twelve weeks with a one year booster. This vaccine is supposed to induce solidly protective antitoxin levels in greater that 90 percent of those vaccinated after one year. Contact USAMRIID, (U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases), Fort Detrick, Maryland. Tel. 301-619-2833. 

Botulism A (Clostridium bofulinum toxin) Bacteria— food (particularly improperly canned foods), wound, and infantile 1-5 days No Standa d Descending muscle paralysis, ptosis (drooping upper eyelids), blurred vision/ diplopia Fatal about 4-6 days nonfatal several months Aggressive resp support, supportive care trivalent and heptavalent antitoxin... 

Botulism. While there is a licensed trivalent equine botulinum antitoxin available through the CDC, its administration is unlikely to reverse the disease in children who are symptomatic (Henretig, Cieslak, ... 

The mainstays of botulism therapy include ventilatory support as well as the administration of botulinum antitoxin. Botulinum antitoxin is a trivalent, equine antitoxin that provides antibodies to botulinum toxin Types A, B, and E. It acts only against unbound toxin and therefore its efficacy is greatest early in the patient s clinical course. Cathartics and enemas have also been recommended for elimination of botulinum toxin from the GI tract. Antibiotics are not recommended except for the treatment of secondary infectious complications... 

Infantile Botulism—Ingestion ot botulism spores, often in honey, produces flaccid paralysis, poor feeding and suck reflexes, floppy baby syndrome. Wound Botulism—Contamination of wounds with C. botulinum spores can produce systemic symptoms. THERAPY Ventilatory support (often for weeks) Trivalent botulinum antitoxin Enemas and cathartics... 

Plague pneumonia is almost always fatal if treatment is not initiated within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. A number of readily available, broad-spectrum antibiotics have shown efficacy. Specific broad-spectrum antibiotics are also recommended for post-exposure treatment against tularemia and Q fever. A licensed trivalent equine antitoxin available from CDC is the only approved therapy for airborne botulism. 

Foodbome botulism is treated with a licensed trivalent equine antitoxin (serotypes A, B, and E) that is available only from the CDC. There is no other approved therapy for airborne botulism, although animal studies show that botulinum antitoxin can be very effective if given before the manifestation of clinical signs of disease. Mechanical ventilation is invariably necessary due to paralysis of respiratory muscles, if antitoxin is not given before the onset of clinical signs (Shapiro et al., 1997). 

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