Borescopes

Borepanes Borescopes BORESTER BORESTER20 BORESTER 7 BORESTER 8 Boric acid... 

Samples can be removed for analysis, phase volumes can be measured to determine mixture composition and molar volumes (70), and phase boundaries can be measured. Many different configurations of view cells have been proposed. Some are capable of pressures ia excess of 100 MPa (14,500 psi). The cell coateats may be viewed safely through the sapphire wiadow by use of a mirror, video camera, or borescope. 

In order to overcome apprehension regarding erosion of turbine blades during service and the hazards attending such failure, provision is made for visual inspection by a strobe light and camera while in operation. Scheduled inspection by a camera (borescope) permits... 

Two 1-in., Class 300 borescope connections shall be provided on the inlet casing to inspect the condition of the stator blades and the upstream side of the rotor blades during periods the expander is shut down without disassembly to the expander. 

Borescope inspection is carried out because of the following benefits it can provide in the maintenance program ... 

Figure 21-7 shows the time savings one may obtain by the proper use of borescopic inspection for planned maintenance. 

Visual Examination With the unaided eye or assisted by borescopes, fiberscopes, television cameras, and magnifying systems. 

Kearl, P. M., Korte, N. E., and Cronk, T. A. (1992). Suggested modifications to ground water sampling procedure based on observations from the colloidal borescope. Ground Water Monit. Rev. 12(2), 155-161. 

Figure 2.6 In-service defects as seen through a borescope designed for automotive servicing. (a) Carbon on valves (b) broken transmission gear tooth (c) differential gear ware. Courtesy of Lenox Instrument Company. (Reprinted with permission from ASM International. All rights reserved www.asminternational.org)...

To resolve the problem an in-line camera, capable of imaging crystals produced in a commercial crystallizer, was developed [331]. The instrument is based on a borescope and video camera that fits inside the housing of a laser backscatter probe, which installs in a standard ball valve. A strobe light is used to "freeze" crystal motion. Crystal features seen directly include shape, surface roughness, inclusions and transparency. 

Figure 5 shows a cross section of the view cell. This cell is fabricated from 316 stainless steel. The interior of the cell is illuminated through the window at the top of the cell by a fiberoptic light. The states of the contents are observed through the side window by means of a closed circuit color camera connected to a borescope. Although view of the upper region of the cell is restricted, any additional phase formed in this region must have a mass density less than the mass density of the supercritical phase. Such behavior is not anticipated with the systems studied here. 

A data point is obtained in the following manner. At a fixed temper< ure the mixture in the cell is compressed to a single phase at high pressures. The pressure is then slowly decreased until a second phase appears. Typically the image of the mixture in the cell is projected onto a video monitor using a borescope (Olympus Corp.) placed against the sapphire window and connected to a video camera. The reported solubility data point is in the pressure interval between the two-phase state and the single fluid-phase state. The heavy solute can be alternately solubilized and precipitated a number of times in an effort to decrease the pressure interval from two phases to one phase. The solubility in this pressure interval is known from the amounts of gas and solute loaded into the view cell. 

To facilitate maintenance, gas turbines used for aircraft and those modeled after ffiese have a modular design so that the individual components such as compressor, combustor, and turbine can be taken out of the assembly individually. Those gas turbines allow also for a borescopic inspection of their insides by an optical tube with lens and eyepiece. Heavy industrial gas turbines are not designed for borescopic inspection and must be dismantled for inspection and maintenance. Preventive maintenance is very important for gas turbines. 

The local visible bubble velocity u b is given by multiplying the voidage by bubble velocity M, measured by the two needle probes or by a borescope or other image sensors so that... 

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