Bone replacement material

Bioceramics The First Weight Bearing, Completely Resorbable Synthetic Bone Replacement Materials... 

Ladizesky NH, Ward IM, Bortfield W (1997) Hydroxylapatite high-performance polyethylene fiber composites for high-load-bearing bone replacement materials. J Appl Polymer Sci 65 1865-1882 Landi E, Tampieri A, Celotti G, Sprio S (2000) Derrsification behaviour and mechanisms of synthetic hydroxylapatites. J Europ Ceram Soc. 20 2377-2387... 

Bioceramics have now been widely used as bone replacement materials in orthopaedic surgery. In particular, calcium phosphate ceramics have been applied as bioactive ceramics with bone bonding capacities. 

Figure 10.4 Mechanical loading capacity versus osteoinductive capacity of several bone replacement materials. PLA polylactic...

Simpson, R.L., Wiiia, RE., Amis, A.A., Chua, C.K., Leong, K.F., Hansen, U.N., Chandrasekaran, M., Lee, M.W. Development of a 95/5 poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)/hydrox-ylapatite and P-tricalcium phosphate scaffold as bone replacement material via selective laser sintering. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 84B, 17-25 (2008)... 

Siebers, M., Brugge, R, Walboomers, X., Jansen, J. Integrins as linker proteins between osteoblasts and bone replacing materials. A Crit. Rev. Biomater. 26(2), 137-146 (2005)... 

Liao, C.Z., et al., 2013. Novel polypropylene biocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes and hydroxyapatite nanorods for bone replacements. Materials Science Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications 33 (3), 1380-1388. Available at http //www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827585 (accessed 08.10.14.). 

Bone is a natural composite material that mostly comprises of collagen fibers and apatite. As people grow older with age, the bones become less dense and the strength of these bones also decreases, hence becoming more susceptible to fracture, bone defects and bone resorption caused by infection. Bone replacement materials provide appropriate solutions when a section of bone is missing or the gap needs to be filled. 

Schuster M, Tlirecek C, Weigel G, Saf R, Stampfl J, Varga F, Liska R (2009). Gelatin-based photopolymers for bone replacement materials. Polym Sci Pol Chem, 47,7078-7089. 

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