Bone imaging

Bone disease Bone growth factor Bone imaging Bone marrow... 

Technetium-99m oxidronate is a bone imaging agent used to demonstrate areas of altered osteogenesis. It is rapidly cleared from the blood and taken up in areas of bone that are undergoing osteogenesis. The kit is a vial containing a lyophilized powder where sodium oxidronate is the active... 

Technetium-99m medronate ( Tc methylene diphosphonate) is used as a bone imaging agent to delineate areas of altered osteogenesis. The product is formed by the addition of up to 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) of Tc pertechnetate. 

F]-fluoride has a long history as a tracer for bone imaging. In 1962, this tracer was first introduced by Blau et al. [188]. [ F]-fluoride-PET imaging combines the superior pharmacokinetic properties of F-fluoride (compared with those of [99mTc]-polyphosphonates) and the improved spatial resolution and lesion... 

W. Langsteger, M. Heinisch, I. Fogelman, The role of fluorodeoxyglucose, F-dihydroxyphenylalanine, F-choline, and F-fluoride in bone imaging with emphasis on prostate and breast, Semin. Nucl. Med. 36(1) (2006) 73-92. 

Until recently it has rarely been possible to definitively characterize the "mTc species present in a radiopharmaceutical formulation because of the extremely low concentrations involved. In some cases, electrophoresis has been used as a means of determining the minimum number of species present. In a recent example a methylene diphosphonate formulation for preparing a "mTc bone imaging agent was found to produce at least four different "mTc species.581 In favourable circumstances it may be possible to determine the net charge on the ionic materials present by this technique. However, such measurements require careful interpretation if erroneous conclusions are to be avoided, and they provide no detailed information relating to chemical structure.20... 

Figure 53 Bone images obtained using "mTc MDP showing (a) normal skeleton and (b) high "Tc uptake due to bone disease. (Courtesy of the Nuclear Medicine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK)...

Many of the Tc complexes (16, 17, 19) present the 0x0 Tc =0 + core and are pentacoordinate (square pyramid), but other metal oxidation states and coordination numbers are possible, for instance, in (20) (hexacoordinate with the dioxo Tc 02 " core), in (18) (heptacoordinateTc ), in (21) or (23) (hexacoordinate Tc ), or in (22) (hexacoordinate Tc ). In Tc-diphosphonate radiopharmaceuticals, used as bone imaging agents, the metal is beheved to be in the 4-4 oxidation states. The +1 oxidation state in the homoleptic isocyanide complex (22) is expected to be advantageous in terms of the kinetic inertness associated to its low-spin configuration,... 

See also bone imaging brain imaging magnetic RESONANCE IMAGING. 

Results of Diagnostic Testing Showed a INSA [a cancer marker] of 35.5, Hemoglobin of 9.7, Hematocrit of 28.4 with RBC s of 3.14 and ESR at 140 plus, Serum Ferratin of 200 and Bone Imaging equivalent to that of an average 83-year-old male. [All of these lab results are abnormal.]... 

Diphosphonates labelled with " Tc have long been used as radiopharmaceuticals for bone imaging. When labelled with beta emitting isotopes, these agents have the potential for use as therapeutic agents for the treatment of bone metastases. Rhenium-188 labelled HEDP has attractive features as a... 

Based on the literature survey of PET data, the FDA concluded that certain PET radiopharmaceuticals, when produced under specific conditions, are safe and effective for certain clinical indications. The three PET radiopharmaceuticals 18F-sodium fluoride for bone imaging, 18F-FDG for use in oncology and for assessment of myocardial viability, and 13N-NH3 for evaluation of myocardial blood flow were approved by the FDA in 2000. 82Rb-rubidium chloride was approved by the FDA for evaluation of myocardial perfusion in 1989. 

Human skeleton (bone) imaged with Both anterior (left)... 

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