Bone adhesive glue

E. Sauer, Tierische Leime und Gelatine, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1958. This describes the technology of skin-based and bone-based glues, and also casein adhesives. 

O2 barrier, selective CO2/O2 barrier, aroma barrier (simple or multi-layer packaging) Medical goods (bone fixation, suture threads, films, non-woven tissues, etc.) Super-absorbent materials (material for plant planting in desert, nappies, etc.) Adhesives (glue) ... 

Prior to the twentieth century, practically all adhesives were derived from plant or animal sources. The main classes included glue from animal bones, fish glue, and vegetable adhesives. Progress in organic chemistry and an increase in demand for adhesives led to the development of synthetic compounds, beginning with phenol-formaldehydes and casein adhesives. Developments in polymerization and adhesive chemistry proceeded in a near parallel fashion. 

C. is an important RR. The main reason for breeding c. is the production of beef for nutrition. There are also many functional and chemical uses of the by-products - tallow as an important source for fatty acids and derivatives hides for making - leather bones for producing adhesives (- glue, animal). Bile is used as a source for - steroids, and the pancreas is used for - insulin production. 

One of the unmet clinical needs of orthopedic trauma surgeons is a bone glue or an adhesive to fix a broken bone instead of the conventional metal plates, nails, pins, and screws. Simplicity, quickness, and preservation of joint function, especially when fixing fractures with many small fragments, are the main benefits of a bone adhesive. An additional benefit is elimination of metal removal from fractures fixed solely with a biodegradable adhesive. 

In the past, natural resins served as universal adhesives for fixing stone points and blades to hafts of wood or antler, to glue feathers to arrow shafts and for repairing materials such as broken pottery and bone combs. As sealants, resins were used to coat the surfaces of pottery and basketry in order to provide an impermeable lining. Resins were also used to waterproof hunting equipment and fishing nets, as well as canoes and ships from Noah s Ark (Genesis 6 14) to... 

Whereas the range of uses to which resin exudates and tar-pitch extractives has been emphasized, some of these functions could have been plausibly served by a range of other natural products. For example, knowledge of other prehistoric adhesives could be biased by the poor survival of protein-based (such as fish, bone and horn) glues. However, it should be remembered that these substances... 

Finally, a large variety of hot-melt or thermoplastic adhesives have been developed in recent years. These are solid at normal temperatures, but melt and flow if heated and re solidity when cooled. A wide range of melting points and bond strengths are available, depending on the requirements of the application. These adhesives are widely used in furniture and cabinet construction and have largely replaced the hide/bone glues formedy used in these applications. 

Adhesives have been made from a wide variety of plant and animal products, sometimes in combination. The most common form of animal glue is largely composed of collagen, which is usually acquired by boiling animal skin, tissue, and bones. The resultant liquid is reduced by further heating until it reaches the desired viscosity. 

Glue, n—Originally a hard gelatin obtained from hides, tendons, cartilage, bones, etc. of animals. Also, an adhesive prepared from this substance by... 

Animal hide or bone—early adhesives, often referred to as glues ... 

---