Bofors

The two procedures primarily used for continuous nitration are the semicontinuous method developed by Bofors-Nobel Chematur of Sweden and the continuous method of Hercules Powder Co. in the United States. The latter process, which uses a multiple cascade system for nitration and a continuous wringing operation, increases safety, reduces the personnel involved, provides a substantial reduction in pollutants, and increases the uniformity of the product. The cellulose is automatically and continuously fed into the first of a series of pots at a controlled rate. It falls into the slurry of acid and nitrocellulose and is submerged immediately by a turbine-type agitator. The acid is deflvered to the pots from tanks at a rate controlled by appropriate instmmentation based on the desired acid to cellulose ratio. The slurry flows successively by gravity from the first to the last of the nitration vessels through under- and overflow weirs to ensure adequate retention time during nitration. The overflow from the last pot is fully nitrated cellulose. 

A. B. Bofors, TNT Manufacture by the Continuous Bofiors-Norell Method, brochure, Sweden, 1956. 

AB Bofors, Sweden British Patent 1/122,880 March 16,1966 AB Bofors, Sweden British Patent 1,053,689 January 4,1967... 

Factors affecting the rate of nitration of DNT TNT will be discussed in Section VIII Urbanski (Ref 74) lists several processes for die batchwise manufacture of TNT (eg, the French , British , USSR etc). All of them are essentially similar with only minor differences in MA comp ns and methods of separating the crude TNT from its spent acid. These processes hav been largely replaced by continuous nitration techniques. The Biazzi and Bofors continuous processes for the manuf of TNT are described briefly under Continuous Methods of Manufacturing Explosives in Vol 3, CS01-L. 

NK. Abbrev for Nabelkrut. A series of doublebase propints manufd by the AB Bofors Nobel-krut of Sweden. See under Bofors Propellants in Vol 2, B220-L... 

Onit. The name, now obsolete, used by AB Bofors, Nobelkrut, Bofors, Sweden, prior to WWII, to designate Hexogen (Cyclonite or RDX) as the basic material used in Bonits (see Vol 2, B242-R)... 

Ref B.T. Fedoroff, Private communication with C M. vonArbin of the Bofors Co (March 6, 1963)... 

Bofors A process for nitrating organic compounds by mixing the nitrating acid and the substrate rapidly in a centrifugal pump. 

BOSAC [Bofors Sulfuric Acid Concentrator] A process for recovering sulfuric acid from the production of nitro-compounds. Spent acid is concentrated by distillation, using a heat exchanger with externally heated silica tubes. Developed by Bofors Nobel Chemikur, Sweden. Douren, L., Making the Most of Sulfuric Acid, More, A. I., Ed., British Sulphur, London, 1982, 317. 

Hercules (1) An organic nitration process, similar to the Bofors process but using a tee-joint for mixing. Developed by the Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, DE, from 1957. U.S. Patents 2,951,746 2,951,877. 

A liquid flow microcalorimeter, the thermal activity monitor (TAM), is commercially available from ThermoMetric (formerly LKB/Bofors). This instrument consists of two glass or steel ampules with a volume of 3 to 4 cm3 (25 cm3 ampule available with a single detector), placed in a heat sink block. Recently, an injection-titration sample vessel was developed which acts as a microreactor. This vessel is provided with flow-in, flow-out, and titration lines, with a stirring device. The isothermal temperature around the heat sink is maintained by a controlled water bath. Each vessel holder, containing an ampoule, is in direct contact with a thermopile array, and the two arrays are joined in series so that their output voltages subtract. The two pairs of thermopile arrays are oppositely connected to obtain a differential output,... 

Hexanitrostilben wird von AB Bofors gemalJ FP 2007049 (schwedi-sche Prioritat) als Zusatz in geringen Prozentsatzen zu TNT-Gussen vorgeschlagen, um deren Feinkornigkeit in der Struktur zu verbes-sern. 

Analytical Methods for Powders and Explosives, Bofors A. B., Gote-borg 1960... 

No recent information was located regarding production volumes of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. The U.S. International Trade Commission last reported production of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine for the 1978 production year (USITC 1979). In that year, Bofors Lakeway, Muskegon, Ml, reportedly produced and isolated 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, but no volumes were published. The USITC will not publish production volumes of chemicals for which there are less than three manufacturers. No producers have been reported by the USITC since 1978, indicating either that less than 5000 pounds were produced or that the product W2S never isolated, but was used directly in the next reaction step. 

NPL Superfund Records of Decision (RODs) were loeated for 24 of the 27 currently listed NPL sites where the HazDat database lists 3,3 -diehlorobenzidine as a eontaminant. A ROD is a legally binding doeument that states the results of investigation and feasibility testing at hazardous waste sites and tells what techniques will be used to remediate the site. At four of the sites, 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine was verified as a contaminant. The RODs for the other 20 sites did not mention 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine as a contaminant of concern (i.e., one that warrants development of cleanup criteria and a choice of remedy). Affected soil was removed from three of the four contaminated sites. Only one site, Bofors Nobel in Michigan, required development of a cleanup criteria (CPMA 1998). 

Handke JL, Lee SA, Patnode R, et al. 1986. Health hazard evaluation report, Bofors-Nobel/Lakeway Corp. Muskegon, Michigan. Cincinnati, OH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 

Fuze, DA No 251, Mk l/L. It is a fuze for 40-mm ammunition adopted in 1941 from the British, who in turn adopted it from the Bofors Co of Sweden. Abbr "DA means "direct action " which corresponds to Amer "superquick" and "L" means use on "land"... 

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