Blue wool standards

The results obtained using the L-4 Blue Wool standard fabric with these films could be used to evaluate protection of other dyed textiles from photofading. 

If the material becomes unserviceable before blue wool Standard 3 starts to fade visibly, it is placed in Feller s class C (Section 2.7) (Feller, 1978). If the material is more stable than Standard 3 but deteriorates before Standard 6 starts to fade, it is placed in class B. Those materials that survive as well or better than Standard 6 are placed in class A. Feller has suggested some standard polymer materials that can be compared to the material under test when light-ageing these are Paraloid B-72 for class A and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (Elvacite 2044) for class B. 

Although the importance of environmental factors (temperature, rela-- -tive humidity, airborne contaminants, and oxygen) that affect the fading of dyed textiles exposed to artificial and natural light indoors is well documented (1,2), relatively little information exists on the effectiveness of UV stabilizers incorporated into plastic films to minimize or retard such fading. To obtain this information, light-sensitive blue wool fabric (AATCC L-4 standard) was exposed to light from a xenon-arc source, with and without protection by clear cellulose acetate films... 

IB stabilizer, is attributable to reversals in aE observed at 220-440 kj/m2. However, such reversals are within the standard deviation. Thus, the exponential relationship above generally defines the color change in the blue wool fabrics as a function of light intensity X time. 

The Fadeometer was equipped with a 2500 watt xenon-arc lamp and borosilicate inner and outer filters. Conditions of exposure were 63 +3 C and 65 + 5% R.H. The fabrics were exposed to light for 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640 AATCC Fading Units (AFU), as measured by AATCC Blue Wool Lightfastness Standards L-5, L-6, L-7, L-8 and L-9, respectively. The fabrics were padded with acid immediately prior to each 40 AFU of light exposure. For example, fabrics exposed for 80 AFU were padded with acid a total of 2 times fabrics exposed to 160 AFU were padded with acid 4 times. 

The spectrophotometric determination of the following antibiotics has been performed based on the reactivity with iodine ampicillin, penicillin V, amoxycillin, cloxacillin, cefadroxil, ceftezoxime, grise-ofulvin, streptomycin, nicoumalone, and acebutolol hydrochloride. An excess of iodine of known concentration is added to the drug alkaline solution and the unreacted iodine monitored through the decrease in the absorbance of the dye wool fast blue at 540 nm. The determination of pentoxifylline is also based on adding a known excess of standard iodine solution under alkaline conditions and the excess of iodine determined at pH 3.0 with metol-isoniazid (620 nm) or also with wool fast blue (540 nm). 

DRIFT spectroscopy of microscopic amounts of dye mixtures extracted from small textile samples has been reported raw and pretreated data matrices were interpreted with the use of chemomet-rics (PCA, SIMCA, FC) [145]. DRIFTS can readily detect 200 ng quantities of pure, standard dyes. Bridge et al. [42] have qualitatively characterised acid dyes (Cl Acid Red 17, Red 18, Red 44, Red 88, Blue 45 and Yellow 17) applied to wool and nylon. Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated for its ability to analyse solid antioxidant blends [146]. These opaque materials do not transmit near-IR light. This fast method effectively predicts weight percentage composition with a precision comparable to the currently accepted HPLC method of analysis, and can identify blend types and contaminated materials. 

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