Blowout back

Safety glass and a blowout back are self-evident in all high-pressure applications... 

The waste hydrochloric acid (HC1) injected at the site was a byproduct of a combustion process at 1633°C (2972°F). When not recovered, the acidic stream was dumped into holding ponds where it was cooled to about 24°C (75°F) before injection. The concentration of injected acid typically varied from 0.5 to 5% HC1, but ranged as high as about 30%. (The pH of injected acid that back-flowed during one blowout incident ranged from 0.5 to 1.3.)... 

When the drill hole fully penetrates the sheet, the electron beam hits the backing material. The additional vapor pressure leads to a final blowout of the remaining melt in the drill hole (Leitz et al. 2012b). Figure 8 shows the process principle of electron beam drilling. As electron beam drilling requires a vacuum, it is mainly applied when multiple holes in hard or brittle material are required (Dobenek Bohme 2011). 

In addition, information is available from several reputable sources, including the World Offshore Data bank (WOAD) of Det Norske Veritas (DNV), which contains data and analyses on more than 6,000 accidents from 1970, the SINTEF Offshore Blowout Data Base on major blowouts and spills since 1955, and periodic studies done for Oil and Gas UK on accidents dating back to 1990. Such a comparative analysis would be useful to the new DOI regime in which BOEM and BSEE are expected to develop regulatory reforms and to their counterparts in Norway and the United Kingdom as well. Performance indicators and the reporting and evaluation of safety-relevant data are discussed further by Blakstad in Ghapter 9. 

The continental shelf off the north-west coast of Australia holds rich reserves of oil and gas, with hydrocarbon exploration and production activities in the area stretching back over deeades. On 21 August 2009, those in charge of drilling the Montara Hi oil and gas well in this area lost control of the well, resulting in uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbons to the environment. This type of event is known in the oil industry as a blowout. The incident has been the subject of a statutory inquiry (Borthwick 2010). 

Butterfly valves can provide tight shut-off when soft seats are used, and their major application in chlorine service is in the larger pipe sizes. The usual design features standard adjustable packing, a wetted shaft/disc arrangement, and a one-piece soft-hp seal. Fully lined butterfly valves have lower pressure ratings and are suited only for gas applications. Fluoropolymer resin liners cover all internal surfaces. Back-up liners, not exposed to the chlorine, provide seats. Butterfly valves can provide tight shut-off with quarter-turn operation. Like the other types of valve, they should have blowout-proof stems. 

Fig. 39.7 Navigation view of the knee. Virtual tunnel routes are shown as green columns on the three- or two-dimensional (3D or 2D) model, (a) The 3D image is rotated 90° on the navigation screen in order to evaluate the risk of a back wall blowout. The total length of the femoral tunnel can be evaluated at the same time (red circle).

Diversity in industrial ecosystems tends to impart a robust character to them, which means that if one part of the system is diminished other parts will take its place and keep the system functioning well. Many communities that have become dependent on one enterprise or just a few major enterprises have suffered painful economic crises when a major employer leaves or cuts back. The fouling of beaches in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida from the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico devastated the tourist trade in that region for some time and forced painful economic adjustments. In many parts of the world, water supply from a single vulnerable source threatens diversity. 

Taking BOP (blowout preventer) bodies completely apart, and say, checking the sealing areas of the gaskets. We found that by disassembling these areas, to do an inspection on them and then put them back together, we have more issues with them than after we disassemble them than we do before. I mean, we never had a problem. 

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