Blow out

Brines. About 65% of the iodine consumed in the world comes from brines processed in Japan, the United States, and the former Soviet Union (see Chemicals frombrine). The predorninant production process for iodine from brines is the blow-out process, which was first used in Japan. Iodine is present in brines as iodide, and its concentration varies from about 10 to 150 ppm. As shown in Figure 3, the recovery process can be divided into brine clean-up, iodide oxidation to iodine followed by air blowing out and recovery, and iodine finishing. 

The I2 formed stays in solution, exerting a certain vapor pressure, and is extracted from the brine in a countercurrent air blow-out process. The extracted brine leaves the extraction tower and is discarded or reinjected into the wells to avoid sinking of the soil. The iodine-loaded air is then submitted to a cocurrent desorption process by means of an acidic iodide solution to which SO2 is added. By this solution the iodine is reduced to iodide by the following reaction ... 

In the blowing-out process, used when the source of bromine is seawater, air is used instead of steam to strip bromine from solution. At the pH of seawater the Hberated bromine hydroly2es to hypobromous acid and bromide. Bromide traps bromine as the tribromide ion and Htde bromine is released. Before stripping, enough sulfuric acid is added to the seawater to reduce the pH to 3—3.5. 

Recovery Process. In past years iodine was recovered at Long Beach, California from oil field brine and from natural brines near Shreveport, Louisiana (36,37). The silver process was used. Silver nitrate reacts with sodium iodide to precipitate silver iodide. Added iron forms ferrous iodide and free silver. The ferrous iodide then reacts with chlorine gas to release free iodine. After 1966, the silver process was replaced with the blowing-out process similar to the bromine process. 

Later, more concentrated brines of the Midland, Michigan producers displaced the California producers. In 1976, Houston Chemicals began recovery using the blowing-out process from underground brines of the Anadarko Basin in northwestern Oklahoma. Annual capacity was 900 metric tons (38). In 1991, nearly all of the iodine produced was made from Oklahoma brines by a blowing-out process. 

Environment 100-200°F (38-93°C) heavily fouled with grease and oil, no chemical treatment other than chlorine-bromine biocide may blow out lines when completely plugged with grease, oil, and iron... 

In solid drumming Check liner position and integrity before filling systems, failure of liner allowing powder to blow out of the container. CCPS G-3 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-29... 

Tube ventilation In this system cooling tubes which work as heat exchangers are welded between the core packet and the outer frame and are open only to the atmosphere. See to Figures 1.20 (a)-(c). One fan inside the stator, mounted on the rotor shaft, transfers the internal hot air through the tube walls which form the internal closed cooling circuit. A second fan mounted outside at the NDE blows out the internal hot air of the tubes to the atmosphere and replaces it with fresh cool air from the other side. This forms a separate external cooling circuit. 

As the moving contact moves away, so the arc plasma elongates, losing its initial intensity, and as it approaches the current zero, it loses the most of it. The gas, on the other hand, cools and regains its lost mass, while its pressure in the chamber continues to build to its optimum level, making it more capable of extinguishing a less severe arc plasma. The interrupter can thus be adjusted to blow out the arc at the first current zero, while clearing heavy to very heavy fault currents. 

Pressure test piping and equipment Flush and clean piping and equipment Drain water to prevent freezing Blow out piping Continuity testing with air... 

The nitrogen supply used to purge the metal cabinet was also used to blow out the dryers. When the iiiirngcn supply pressure fell occasionally, solvent from the dryers entered ihrtmgh leaking valves into the nitrogen supply line,, ind into the metal cabinet. Low nitrogen pressure allowed air diffusion into the cabinet. 

Explosive hazards are reduced by using similar techniques and by structures for explosions through the use of blow-out doors to direct the pressure wave in harmless directions,... 

Answer Figure 15.5.2-1 shows the "percolator" scheme. At the top of the a reactor vessel, presumably the hottest location, is a diaphragm that blows out if the reactor exceeds the maximum allowable pressure. It is attached by an alloy that melts at that the... 

Blow-out panels Safety panels provided to some process, such as an oven, that will protect the structure in case of an explosion by releasing the force of the explosion. 

Niederbewegung, /. downward motion, nieder-blasen, v.t. blow out (a furnace). 

Oil Spills. Oil spills occur from oil pipeline leaks, oil tanker accidents, or submarine oil drilling operations. The two major ocean drilling accidents—oil wells blowing out—were the 1969 Santa Barbara Channel spill and the 1979 Yucatan Peninsula spill, in Mexico. The Yucatan spill spewed out more than three million barrels before being capped in 1980. Both caused damage to beaches and marine life, but the smaller Santa Barbara spill was far more devastating because of unfavorable winds following the accident. 

This will require roof bursting panels, side wall bursting panel, or an end panel that could be hinged to blow out. The panel relieving pressure should be set for 0.40 psi — 0.35 psi = 0.05 psi to burst or relieve per code. 

If the well cannot be shut in (for some reason) to implement regular kick killing procedures, a diverter stack is used rather than a regular BOP stack. A diverter is furnished with a blow-down line to allow the well to blow out away from the rig. 

Blow out motor windings, lubricate as necessary. Check insulation resistance and test earth continuity. 

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