Blood urea nitrogen level

In some patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), intraglomerular coagulation plays a role in depositing fibrinogen (235,236). IgAN patients treated with urokinase show a marked improvement in urinary protein concentration, semm creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels (237). 

Rats exposed to Stoddard solvent at a level of 1400 ppm for 8 hours exhibited eye irritation, bloody exudate around the nostrils, and slight loss of coordination. Exposure of a dog resulted in increased salivation at 3 hours, tremor at 4 hours, and clonic spasms after 5 hours 1700 ppm caused tremors, convulsions, and finally death in cats after 2.5-7.5 hours. No significant effects were observed in dogs exposed 6 hours/day for 65 days to 330ppm there was elevated blood urea nitrogen levels and marked tubular regeneration in the kidneys of rats similarly exposed. Renal effects noted in rats are consistent with a mechanism that appears to be unique to male rats (i.e., interactions with a2u-globulin), and it is not known whether Stoddard solvent would cause similar effects in humans. ... 

Clinical Biochemistry The results of the clinical biochemical analysis of the serum from rats fed treatment diets for up to l8 months are listed in Table V. Rats fed browned instant breakfast product for 12 months exhibited significantly elevated blood urea nitrogen levels over control rats. After l8 months of feeding, serum globulin and albumin were clearly lower than in controls. 

Renal Effects. Humans given 0.47-1.3 mg vanadium/kg as ammonium vanadyl tartrate capsules for 45-68 days did not show any changes in urinalysis for albumin, hemoglobin, or formed elements. Blood urea nitrogen levels were also unchanged (Dimond et al. 1963). 

Lesions were prominent at the corticomedullary junction where abrasion of the brush border of the tubular epithelium and desquamation of tubular epithelial cells were commonly seen. This tubular injury was associated with increased blood urea nitrogen levels and enhanced urinary excretion of endopeptidase 24.11 [156], an enzyme of the brush border of the proximal tubular epithehum. 

Several animal models have been used for studying the nephrotoxic effects of solvent exposure. Using rats exposed to petroleum vapors Klavis and Drommer [50] demonstrated renal lesions similar to those noted in Goodpasture s syndrome. In another study 60% of rats fed N,N -diacetylbenzidine [51] had an increased blood urea nitrogen level. The N,N -diacetylbenzidine... 

The potassium-sparing diuretics should not be used concurrently with potassium supplanents, as this combination is likely to produce hyperkalemia. Poor renal function also heightens the risk of hyperkalemia G1 disturbances, rash, drowsiness, or dizziness are aU associated with their use. Spironolactone can cause the blood urea nitrogen level to uiCTease and lead to menstrual irregularities (see also Table 25). 

It has been recommended by some that the concurrent use of tetracyclines and diuretics should be avoided because of their association with rises in blood urea nitrogen levels. 

FIGURE 1.3 Model simulation results of the patient BUN (blood urea nitrogen levels) in mg% (mg% = mg of the substance per 100 mL of blood) plotted as a fimction of time. From Babb el al. (1967).] Closed circles are experimental observations. 

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