Blood transfusion allergic reactions

Measles, mumps, rubella MMR 0.5 mL Subcutaneous Allergic reaction to gelatin or neomycin Pregnant women Immunocompromised host Recently received a blood transfusion Severe egg allergy... 

Renal toxicity is the major potential toxicity of cisplatin. Severe nausea and vomiting that often accompany cisplatin administration may necessitate hospitalization. Cisplatin has mild bone marrow toxicity, yielding both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Anemia is common and may require transfusions of red blood cells. Anaphylactic allergic reactions have been described. Hearing loss in the high frequencies (4000 Hz) may occur in 10 to 30% of patients. Other reported tox-icities include peripheral neuropathies with paresthesias, leg weakness, and tremors. Excessive urinary excretion of magnesium also may occur. 

Most anaphylactoid reactions are due to a direct or chemical release of histamine, and other mediators, from mast cells and basophils. Immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions have been classified as types I-IV. Type I, involving IgE or IgG antibodies, is the main mechanism involved in most anaphylactic or immediate hypersensitivity reactions to anaesthetic drugs. Type II, also known as antibody-dependent hypersensitivity or cytotoxic reactions are, for example, responsible for ABO-incompatible blood transfusion reactions. Type III, immune complex reactions, include classic serum sickness. Type IV, cellular responses mediated by sensitised lymphocytes, may account for as much as 80% of allergic reactions to local anaesthetic. 

Blood transfusion is frequently associated with mild allergic reactions more serious hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even fatal acute hemolytic transfusion reactions are rare but do exist. Finally, administrative errors remain one of the main causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. 

Allergic reactions to potentially allergenic drugs may explain some transfusion reactions that cannot be explained by the results of routine tests. In many countries donors are asked to volunteer their history of drug intake during the previous 24 hours, so that donation can if necessary be delayed. Nevertheless, in Canadian donors who had not admitted to drug intake 6-7% of the blood samples taken were found to have detectable... 

Immunologic Allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis and transfusion reactions, are potential adverse reactions to prothrombin complex concentrates [32 ]. Patients with IgA deficiency and anti-IgA antibodies can have anaphylactic reactions after exposure to IgA-containing blood products, including prothrombin complex concentrates [71 ]. 

Adverse events related to transfusion of blood components have been reported, including febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, mild febrile reactions, acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALl), anaphylactic and other allergic reactions, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), viral infections, post-transfusion bacteremia, transfusion-associated sepsis (TAS), hemosiderosis, post-transfusion purpura, and new allo-antibody formation [18 , 19 ]. Whole blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma for transfusion (fresh frozen plasma, FFP) are involved. Quite a number of these adverse effects, such as TRALl, TACO, TAS, and allergic/anaphylactic reactions can be difficult to evaluate. 

Robitaille N, Delage G, Long A, Thibault L, Robillard P. Allergic transfusion reactions from blood components donated by IgA-deficient donors with and without anti-IgA a comparative retrospective study. Vox Sang 2010 99(2) 136 1. 

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