Blood histamine

Histamine in the Blood. After its release, histamine diffuses rapidly into the blood stream and surrounding tissues (12). Histamine appears in blood within 2.5 min after its release, peaks at 5 min, and returns to baseline levels by 15 to 30 min. In humans, the diurnal mean of plasma histamine levels is 0.13 ng/g. In urine, elevations of histamine or metaboUtes are more prolonged than plasma elevations. Consequendy, abnormahties are more easily detected by urinary histamine assay. About one-half of the histamine in normal blood is in basophils, one-third in eosinophils, and one-seventh in neutrophils the remainder is distributed among all the other blood components. Increases in blood histamine levels occur in several pathological... 

Maly FE, Marti-Wyss S, Blumer S, Cuhat-Stark I, Wiithrich B Mononuclear blood cell sulfidoleukot-riene generation in the presence of interleukin-3 and whole blood histamine release in honey bee and yellow jacket venom allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1997 7 217-224. 49... 

Friedman, A. H. 8r Walker, C. A. (1969). Rat brain amines, blood histamine and glucose levels in relationship to circadian changes in sleep induced by pentobarbitone sodium. J. Physiol. 202, 133-46. 

One problem with animal models, however, is that while,in humans, virtually all the total blood histamine is contained within the basophils (119), in some common laboratory animals, such as the rabbit, much of the histamine may come from other sources,such as platelets (120). 

Mast cell degranulation Mast cells (conjunctival epithelium, increase substantia propria) Eosinophilia (local, possibly blood) Histamine Mast cells, lymphocytes (conjunctival epitheUum) Basophils, eosinophils (conjunctival epitheUum and... 

A. N. Kong, E. Ludwig, R. L. Slaughter, P. M. Distefano, J. Demasi, J. E. Middleton, and W. J. Jusko, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic modeling of direct suppression effects of methylprednisolone on serum cortisol and blood histamine in human subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 616-628 (1989). 

It is very difficult to remove the last traces of such material from heparin, yet this can be pharmacologically active. The histamine found in heparin after acid hydrolysis, as in the determination of normal blood histamine, probably arises from such peptides. Heparinoids prepared from natural... 

Watanabi, H., Mochizaki, T., and Maeyama, K. (1996) Transient increase of blood histamine level induced by pentagastrin. Continuous monitoring by in vivo microdialysis, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 31 1144-1150. 

Code CF, Evans CL, Gregory RA. Blood histamine and cardiac activity. J Physiol Lond 92 344-354, 1938. 

Abnormalities in the blood histamine in cases of burns are reported here only because of their possible influence on renal functions, but without attempting to support a generalizing histamine theory of the burn syndrome . 

Hartmann, W. J., Clark, W. G. and Cyr, S. D., Histidine decarboxylase activity of basophils from chronic myelogenous leukemic patients origin of blood histamine, Proc, Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 107,123 (1961). 

Valentine, W. N. and Lawrence, J. S., Studies on blood histamine partition of blood histamine before and after clotting in health and disease states. Am. J. Med. Sci. 216, 619 (1948). 

Schultz, H. J., Code, J. F. and Brunsting, L. A., Blood histamine and basophil-eosinophil counts in skin disease. Arch. Dermatol. 80, 44 (1959). 

Various immune-related functions have been shown to be altered by ascorbate nutriture, including neutrophil chemotaxis, lymphocyte proliferation, and natural killer cell activity (Siegel, 1993 Vojdani and Ghoneum, 1993). The vitamin has also been shown to affect many immune system modulators such as blood histamine... 

Low blood histamine levels are observed during pregnancy (Clemetson, 1980), a reflection of increased histamine catabolism by placental DAO (Bardsley et al.. 

Relationship between Plasma Ascorbate and Blood Histamine... 

If histamine degradation is a physiological function of vitamin C, it is necessary to delineate the tissue level of ascorbic acid required for this effect. In the rat, which is capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid, serum ascorbic acid rose from 1.10 mg/100 ml to 1.63 mg/100 ml within 30 min of immobilization stress, nearly a 50% increase (Nakano and Suzuki, 1984). Liver ascorbate in these animals fell significantly after 15 min of stress, then rose dramatically to over 60% of the initial value within the next 15 min, indicating elevated hepatic biosynthesis of the vitamin. Adrenal ascorbic acid stores fell to 50% of the initial value following immobilization stress, and these levels remained depressed at 4 hr post-stress. Blood histamine levels rose 80%, from 38 to 68 ng/ml, peaking at about 30 min post-stress (Nakano and Suzuki, 1984). Hence, in the rat, stress induced a rapid rise in serum ascorbate which was fueled by ascorbic acid mobilized from tissue stores and by hepatic synthesis of ascorbate. 

Mean Blood Histamine SEM (ng/ml) in 52 Healthy Men and Women with High or Low Vitamin C Status as Determined Using Different Plasma Ascorbate Cutoff Points... 

Mean ( SEM> Plasma Vitamin C and Blood Histamine Levels in Healthy Adults with and without Vitamin C Supplementation ... 

Although it is well documented in humans and guinea pigs that exogenously administered vitamin C lowers blood histamine levels in vivo (Clemetson, 1980 Chatterjee et al., 1975 Johnston et al., 1992a,b), more research is needed to determine the physiological benefit of this effect, particularly under stress conditions. However, there are several reports in the recent literature indicating beneficial effects of supplemental vitamin C, which can be related to the vitamin s antihistamine effect. 

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