Blood glucose concentration measurement

FIGURE 35.8 Aprofile of blood glucose concentration measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. (Reproduced from S. Kasemsumran, Y. P. Du, K. Maruo and Y. Ozaki, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 82,97 (2006). With permission. Copyright (2005) Elsevier.)... 

In contrast to other tests that measure glucose, this method is truly non-invasive. The fluid for doing the test in fact is tears, as the glucose concentration in tears is known to correlate with the blood glucose concentration. Manufacturing is scheduled by 2010 with clinical trials currently being conducted and regulatory approval scheduled in 2009. 

Diagnosis of hypoglycaemia requires that blood glucose concentration be measured before treatment. If the cause is uncertain, samples can be taken to measure the concentrations of insulin, insulin antibodies, and pancreatic C-peptide before the administration of glucose. 

There are various makes of meters used for measuring the blood glucose concentration. On occasion, some have been found to give false readings. 

Bruulsema JT, Hayward JE, Farrell TJ, Patterson MS, Heinemann L, Berger M, Koschinsky T, Sandahl-Christiansen J, Orskov H. Correlation between blood glucose concentration in diabetics and noninvasively measured tissue optical scattering coefficient. Optics Letters 1997, 22, 190-192. 

Berger AJ, Itzkan I, Feld MS. Feasibility of measuring blood glucose concentration by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A—Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 1997, 53, 287-292. 

FIGURE 3.4 Measured plasma concentrations of insulin in compartment 1 (intravascular space) after intravenous injection of a 25-mU/kg dose, and computer-derived estimates of insulin concentration in presumed splanchnic (compartment 2) and somatic (compartment 3) components of interstitial fluid space. The bar graph indicates the glucose infusion rate needed to maintain blood glucose concentrations at the basal level. (Reproduced with permission from ShenA in RS, Kramer KJ, Tobin JD, Insel PA, Liljenquist JE, Berman M, Andres R. J Clin Invest 1974 53 1481-92.)... 

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