Fetal blood development

HCH also penetrates the placenta barrier [A96, A101]. Complications during pregnancy occurred 1.5 times more frequently in the 213 women whose blood contained HCH than in the 89 women with no signs of this insecticide (78.3% and 58.4% respectively). It is especially significant that twice as many women with HCH in their blood spontaneously miscarried during the first trimester as those without HCH (7.5% and 3.4% respectively). Causal factors included disruptions in prenatal fetal development, and disruptions in women s hormonal systems under the effect of HCH [A96]. Postpartum complications in women who had HCH in their blood were 2.5... 

Hexachlorobutadiene decreased fetal body weight in rats, but did not affect fetal development or impair their ability to produce offspring. The lungs, heart, brain, blood, muscles, and skeleton in rats or mice were not damaged after short- or long-term exposure. 

PBDEs Considered the new PCBs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers are a group of brominated flame retardants used in lots of products, including the foam in couches and mattresses, and plastic TV and computer monitors (Dell and HP, among others, have banned them). One of the reasons PBDEs are so hard to avoid is that they re not bound to the molecules in materials, so toxic residue can escape in the form of dust. Most kinds of PBDEs have been banned in Europe since 2004, and American women carry ten to seventy times as many PBDEs in their breast milk, tissues, and blood as Europeans do. Exposure to PBDEs during fetal development can negatively affect how the brain functions. 

The daily recommended dietary allowance for iron is 8 mg in adult males and postmenopausal females, and 18 mg in menstruating females. Children require more iron due to growth-related increases in blood volume, and pregnant women have an increased iron demand brought about by fetal development. However, iron overload does not occur, as only the amount of iron lost per day is absorbed. The amount of iron absorbed from food depends on the body stores, the rate of RBC production, the type of iron provided in the diet, and the presence of any substances that may enhance or inhibit iron absorption. 

Both pentaBDE and octaBDE are linked to fetal development and thyroid problems however, the concentrations of PBDEs in human blood serum and breast milk have been donbling every 2-5 years, according to the Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC). 

Precautions An alkoloid (group of nitrogenous organic compounds, mostly used as pain relievers such as cocaine, quinine, caffeine) from tobacco. A deadly human poison. A human teratogen (abnormal fetal development) by swallowing, causes developmental abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. Causes blood pressure effects. Can be absorbed by intact skin. 

Careful metabolic and nutritional monitoring of a pregnant woman with PKU is important to ensure that the fetus is not exposed to high blood phenylalanine and sufficient nutrition is provided for proper fetal development. Frequent (once or twice weekly) monitoring of blood phenylalanine... 

Many organic solvents are teratogenic and embryotoxic in laboratory animals depending on the specific solvent, dose, route of administration and particular animal species. The various malformations described include hydrocephaly, exencephaly, skeletal defects, cardiovascular abnormalities and blood changes. Also, some studies suggest poor fetal development and neurodevelopmental deficits. In a portion of these studies exposure levels were high enough to induce maternal toxicity. 

Formation of blood vessels occurs around the day 17 of the fetal development, and occurs within the splanchnopleuric mesoderm of the yolk sac. At about day 21, blood islands within the yolk sac may be observed. Central parts of the islands host hemoblasts, while the outer layers form the blood vessels. Developing veins form three main systems, which carry blood into the sinus venosus (Dudek Fix, 2004) ... 

The details of the pathogenesis of the fetal death are not known, but at least two different concepts prevail. It has been suggested that the primary structural injury involves failure of the placental vessels to develop normally, so that the embryo is killed by anoxemia. Others have proposed that the first structural injury is observed in the embryo itself where blood vessels develop inadequately. 

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