Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Blood coronary

In addition to its internal blood flow operation, the heart has its own system of blood vessels to keep the muscle wall of the heart, the myocardium, supphed with oxygenated blood (Fig. 3a). The coronary arteries, which branch from the aorta to the right and left sides of the heart, are vital to maintaining that supply. The heart is an extraordinary electromechanical muscle that can be trained to increase blood flow to the body sixfold. It can range from 5 to 30 L /min during exertion. [Pg.179]

Fig. 3. (a) Coronary arteries which form the heart s own blood supply (b) electrical conduction system which powers the human heart. [Pg.179]

Fig. 5. In coronary bypass, an autologous saphenous vein is used to provide critical blood to the heart muscle, bypassing a blockage in the coronary artery. Fig. 5. In coronary bypass, an autologous saphenous vein is used to provide critical blood to the heart muscle, bypassing a blockage in the coronary artery.
A broad-based cardiomyoplasty market should emerge by the late 1990s. Successhil development of a small-diameter graft to use in coronary bypass surgery instead of the patient s saphenous vein or mammary artery seems likely to occur by the year 2000. Development of appropriate materials and manufacturing methods are needed to maintain patency without damaging blood in grafts below 4 mm in diameter. [Pg.182]

There can be a number of underlying causes of CHE. The most prevalent is the lack of oxygenated blood reaching the heart muscle itself because of coronary artery disease with myocardial infarction (111). Hypertension and valvular disease can contribute to CHE as well, but to a lesser extent in terms of principal causes for the disease. [Pg.127]

Hypertension is one of the two principal risk factors of many cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and CHF. Individuals are considered hypertensive if their systoHc arterial blood pressure is over 140 mm Hg (18.7 Pa) or their diastoHc arterial blood pressure is over 90 mm Hg (12 Pa). Over 60 million people, or one-third of the adult population in the United States are estimated to be hypertensive (163). About 90% of these patients are classified as primary or essential hypertensive because the etiology of their hypertension is unknown. It is generally agreed that there is a very strong genetic or hereditary component to this disease. [Pg.132]

Nicorandil. Nicorandil is a potassium channel opener that can lower blood pressure 21, 20, and 29 mm Hg after single oral doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg, respectively (250). There are no significant changes ia heart rate. Headache is the primary side effect. Nicorandil has potent coronary vasodilator effects. It causes sustained vasodilation of arteriolar resistance and venous capacitance blood vessels, thus reduciag cardiac preload and aftedoad. [Pg.143]

A third study (85) enrolled 7825 hypertensive patients (55% males and 45% females) having diastoHc blood pressures (DBP) of 99—104 mm Hg (13—14 Pa) there were no placebo controls. Forty-six percent of the patients were assigned to SC antihypertensive dmg therapy, ie, step 1, chlorthaUdone step 2, reserpine [50-55-5] or methyldopa [555-30-6], and step 3, hydralazine [86-54-4]. Fifty-four percent of the patients were assigned to the usual care (UC) sources in the community. Significant reductions in DBP and in cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths were noted in both groups. In the SC group, deaths from ischemic heart disease increased 9%, and deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) and acute myocardial infarctions were reduced 20 and 46%, respectively. [Pg.212]

Most of the herbal drugs that are used medicinally are comprised in these five groups of indications. Relative few are employed in a limited number of other areas occasionally in skm remedies, liver remedies, coronary remedies, blood circulation remedies, and in other groups of medicines. Summarizing, it can be said that the possibilities of treatment with herbal drugs are limited for a number of reasons for a series of illnesses like severe cardiac insufficiency, tumours, infectious diseases, diabetes, etc., herbal drugs arc not adequate remedies, even though, in contravention of the law, such claims are made in many publications. In a series of further cases, they only find use in support of the actual medical treatment they are nevertheless of value. [Pg.21]

Several chemical compounds may cause inflammation or constriction of the blood vessel wall (vasoconstriction). Ergot alkaloids at high doses cause constriction and thickening of the vessel wall. Allylamine may also induce constriction of coronary arteries, thickening of their smooth muscle walls, and a disease state that corresponds to coronary heart disease. The culprit is a toxic reactive metabolite of allylamine, acrolein, that binds covalently to nucleophilic groups of proteins and nucleic acids in the cardiac myocytes. [Pg.297]

Coronary vasodilator. A drug that enhances blood flow through the blood vessels of the heart. [Pg.451]

Oxagrelate (104) is of interest as a platelet antiaggretory agent and is thus of potential value in preventing thrombus formation in blood vessels. It may also be of potential value in preventing arteriosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries - a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in... [Pg.151]

In addition to the twenty amino acids commonly found in proteins, two others—selenocysteine and pyrrolysine—are found in some organisms, and more than 700 nonprotein amino acids are also found in nature. y-Amino-butyric acid (GABA), for instance, is found in the brain and acts as a neurotransmitter homocysteine is found in blood and is linked to coronary heart disease and thyroxine is found in the thyroid gland, where it acts as a hormone. [Pg.1020]

We hear a lot these days about the relationships between saturated fats, cholesterol, and heart disease. What are the facts It s well established that a diet rich in saturated animal fats often leads to an increase in blood serum cholesterol, particularly in sedentary, overweight people. Conversely, a diet-lower in saturated fats and higher in polyunsaturated fats leads to a lower serum cholesterol level. Studies have shown that a serum cholesterol level greater than 240 mg/dL (a desirable value is <200 mg/dL) is correlated with an increased incidence of coronary artery disease, in which cholesterol deposits build up on the inner walls of coronary arteries, blocking the flow of blood to the heart muscles. [Pg.1090]

Acute coronary syndromes most often result from a physical disruption of the fibrous cap, either frank cap fracture or superficial endothelial erosion, allowing the blood to make contact with the thrombogenic material in the lipid core or the subendothelial region of the intima. This contact initiates the formation of a thrombus, which can lead to a sudden and dramatic blockade of blood flow through the affected artery. If the thrombus is nonocclusive or transient, it may either be clinically silent or manifest as symptoms characteristic of unstable angina. Importantly, if collateral vessels have previously formed, for example, due to chronic ischemia produced by multi vessel disease, even total occlusion of one coronary artery may not lead to an acute myocardial infarction. [Pg.226]


See other pages where Blood coronary is mentioned: [Pg.16]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.460]    [Pg.474]    [Pg.485]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.126]    [Pg.126]    [Pg.127]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.212]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.496]    [Pg.1140]    [Pg.406]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.227]    [Pg.227]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.330 , Pg.338 , Pg.341 , Pg.350 , Pg.362 ]




SEARCH



Coronary blood flow

Coronary blood vessel

Coronary heart disease blood lipid levels

Ischemic heart disease coronary blood flow

© 2024 chempedia.info