Blending and recycling

The morphology can be stabilized by (i) thick interphase, (ii) partial crosslinking, or (iii) addition of an immiscible polymer with a suitable spreading coefficient [Yeung et al., 1994]. The adhesion between the phases in the solid state is improved by (i) addition of a copolymer that covalently bonds the phases, (ii) reduction of size of the crystalline domains, (iii) adequate adhesion, e.g., by the use of polyetherimine, PEIm [Bjoerkengren and Joensson, 1980], and 

PVAl/ vinylacetate grafted starch biodegradable, better properties that PVAl Yoshitake etal., 1978 

with 10-40 wt% CPE biodegradabdity, impact properties and HDT Holmes et al., 1982 

PLA/PEO, EVAc, EVAl, EPDM, SBR, etc. biodegradable, flexible alloys Kharas Nemphos, 1992 

EVAl/poly(hydroxybutyrate-valerate) biodegradability, and good impact properties Webb etal., 1992 

PVAl/vinylacetate grafted starch Biodegradable, better properties thanPVAl Yoshitake et al. 1978 

EVAl/poly(hydroxybutyrate- valerate) Biodegradability and good impact properties Webb et al. 1992 

starch, and a copolyacrylate Biodegradable blends Willett 1992 

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The disposal and recycle cases were compared to an alternative transportation method that includes fractionation of a light diluent fraction from a heavy-crude-oil-diluent blend and recycling of the diluent to the start of the pipeline. For this case, an 85% recovery of diluent from the blend was assumed together with a loss in value of 5 per barrel of unrecovered diluent. The estimated transportation costs (dollars per barrel of crude oil) for the three cases are summarized as follows ... 

Such olefin-based polymer alloys are homogeneous family of plastic resins that are inherently compatible and can be blended and recycled by melt extrusion without the need for sqjaration (Fig.8). 

Foulk JA et al (2006) Analysis of flax and cotton fiber fabric blends and recycled polyethylene composites. J Polym Environ 14(l) 15-25... 

J. Foulk, W. Chao, D. Akin, R. Dodd, and P. Layton, Analysis of Flax and Cotton Fiber Fabric Blends and Recycled Polyethylene Composites. J. of Polym. the Environ. 14 (1), 15-25 (2006). 

Copolymer technology is progressing along two "fronts." First, new appHcations for copolymers are being found to increase the volume of materials that are already commercially available. One example of this is the rapid growth of styrenic block copolymers sold as asphalt (qv) and polymer modifiers over the past 10 years (Fig. 7). Another is the increased interest in graft and block copolymers as compatihilizers for polymer blends and alloys. Of particular interest are compatihilizers for recycled polymer scrap. 

A sidestream of material boiling between about 650°F/925°F is withdrawn as cat feed. This stream is made up of virgin material from the crude and recycle cat products. When it is available additional extraneous virgin feed also may be blended into the cat feed stream. Fractionator bottoms are withdrawn and may be sent to fuel oil. 

The problem of carpet recycling is considered and the different methods being proposed or commercially utilised are discussed. The main component of the carpet waste is fibres of nylon-6 and nylon-66. The review of the literature includes a limited amount of journal publications, which focus primarily on fundamental aspects, and a large number of patents, which describe the available technologies. The most promising recycling techniques (depolymerisation, extraction, melt blending and mechanical separation) are described. 48 refs. 

S. Bandyopadhyay, S. Dasgupta, S.L. Agrawal, S.K. Mandot, N. Mandal, R. Mukhopadhyay, A.S. Deuri, and S.C. Ameta, Use of recycled tire material in NR/BR blend based tire tread compound Part II (with ground cmmh mhher). Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 22(4), 269, 2006. 

Michael, H., Scholz, H., and Mennig, G., Blends from recycled rubber and thermoplastics, Kautsch. Gummi Kunst., 52, 510, 1999. 

Reversible Phase Separation Driven by Photodimerization of Anthracene A Novel Method for Processing and Recycling Polymer Blends... 

Some of the gas from the ESPs are burned in the pyro-lyzer combustor and blended with recycled gas to provide the heat for the pyrolyzer. A portion of the gas is burned in the dryer combustor and is then blended with a recycle stream to provide heating for the dryer. Any remaining gas leaving the ESPs is recycled to the pyrolyzer. 

Refer to Figure GISa (from Ref 14c) for a flow chart of a typical acid prepn plant involving on site tnanuf of nitric, purchase of 65% oleum, sulfuric, and recycling of spent acid the figures are for MA for MG prepn and would be dfferent for NC, TNT, etc. The pre- or semi-mix consists of a blend of 97% nitric and 40% oleum, sulfuric (contg 6% nitric as antifreeze). Analysis of the pre-mix gives the values for the variables in the two formulas. 

Distillation (topping) of the oil product and recycling the residual oil boiling above about 350° C. (662° F.) to the hydrocarbonization reactor. The oil boiling below 350° C. (662° F.) would be washed with aqueous alkali to remove tar acids and subsequently blended with the Diesel oil from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. 

J. Pospfsil, I. Forteln, D. Micheilkovei, Z. Kruli , and M. Slouf, Mechanism of reactive compatibilisation of a blend of recycled LDPE/HIPS using an EPDM/SB/aromatic diamine co-additive system, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 90(2) 244-249, November 2005. 

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