Palm oil Bleaching

Palm Soap.—Curd soap, made of a mixture of one-half lard, one-third bleached palm oil, and the remainder olive oil or spermaceti, constitutes the body of palm soap. Ite natural odor is that of the violet, which is sometimes stimulated by the addition of a little attar of portugal, with a lesser portion of attar of cloves. 

D. D. Brooks and D. Shaked, Bleaching Difficult to Bleach Palm Oil. PORIM, 1997. 

PPO = processed palm oil, stands for different categories of treatment, i.e. neutralized, bleached, deodorized and/or fractionated according to the degree of processing different export duty tariffs may apply N/RPO = neutralized/refined palm oil, BPO = bleached palm oil, CPL = crude palm olein, N/RBPO = neutralized/refined bleached palm oil, N/RPL = neutralized refined palm olein, BPL = bleached palm olein, N/RBDPO = neutralized refined bleached deodorized palm oil, N/RBPL = neutralized refined bleached palm olein, N/RBDPL = neutralized/refined bleached deodorized palm olein. Dp = duty on PPO and Dc = duty on CPO source A. Mohd Nasir. ... 

To make Yellow Soap with Cocoa oily by the above process, these proportions are given 1,072 lbs. of cocoa-nut oil 112 lbs. of raw palm-oil 336 lbs, of bleached palm-oil 448 lbs. of tallow 224 lbs. of resin 112 lbs. of common salt, and 460 gallons of soda ley at 23° B. All the fatty matters and the resin are first put into the copper heat appKed as usual, and the whole operation conducted in the same way as already described. 

Enrten s ProcesB.-—In tMs process caustic potash, is added to caustic soda in the manufacture of soaps. For makiug mottled soap, tallow bone fat, or bleached palm-oil is boiled with ley and converted into a hard soap. The soap is then allowed to remain in the pan from three to six hours, so that the ley may settle. In the meantime a second pan is charged with cocoa-nut oil, and aley composed of 3 parts caustic soda and 1 part potash added, and when the mass is turning into soap the former soap is added to it, and the two soaps boiled together until sufficiently hard, when the soap thus formed is to be put into frames as usual. It is said that soap thus made has a beautifully mottled appearance, lathers freely, and has a smooth surface. 

Instead of using lijdrochloric acid, 40 lbs, of sulphuric acid and 60 lbs. of common salt may be used. Ihe sulphuric acid is diluted with about twice its hulk of water, and the salt, preTiously dissolved in cold water, is mixed with the Bolution of bichromate of potassa in the proportion given. Some persotis, in bleaching palm-oil by the above process, have been known to use as much as 40 lbs. of bichromate to the ton, an excess not only extravagant bat unnecessary. 

In bleaching palm oil by the above process it is of great importance that the temperature of the oil should not be above 120° F., since the chemical action which takes place after the introduction of the bichromate and acid greatly augments the temperature of the oil, and when this latter stands at a higher point than we have indicated the bleached oil ia liable to assume a brown or foxy colour. The author has most successfully bleached palm-oil when it has been almost at the point of congealing. 

Bleaching Palm-oil with Chromate of Lime.—About... 

Way s Silicated Soap.— To produce 100 Dba of soap the operator puts into the soap-pan 11 3 per o t of bleached palm oil and cocoa-nut oil, add 36 fi per cent, of soda ley of 3 6° Tw. These ingredients are boiled till the... 

Crude Palm 0//, ()f the various methods suggested for bleaching palm oil, the bichromate proctiss originated by Watts Is undoubtedly the best. The reaction may be expressed by the following ecjuation, though in practice it is necumsary to use twice the amount of acid required by tluioi y ... 

The materials employed in making mottled soap comprise bleached palm oil, tallow, bone fat, cocoa-nut oil, palm-kernel oil, cotton-seed oil, and, in some instances, rosin. 

Bleached palm oil, olive oil, castor oil and lard are also employed in the production of special milling soap bases, a palm oil soap being specially suitable for the production of a violet-scented toilet soap. 

Another operation in which soap is used, is that of milling or fulling, whereby the fabric is made to shrink and thus becomes more compact and closer in texture. The fabric is thoroughly cleansed, for which purpose the soap should be neutral and free from rosin and silicates, otherwise a harsh feeling or stickiness will be produced. Curd soaps or finely-fitted soaps made from tallow or bleached palm oil, with or without the addition of cocoa-nut oil, give the best results. All traces of soap must be carefully removed if the fabric is to be dyed. 

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