Bismuth plastics

Bismuth tritelluride, 4 24 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trithiocyanate, 4 25 Bismuth Vanadate Yellow, 19 405-406 pigment for plastics, 7 370t Bismuthyl carbonate hemihydrate, 4 25 Bismuthyl nitrate hemihydrate, 4 25 Bismuthyl nitrite hemihydrate, 4 25 Bis(lV-maleimidomethyl) ether (BME), hemoglobin modifier, 4 113 Bisoprolol fumarate, molecular formula and structure, 5 156t Bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane, 13 638 Bis(pentafluorophenyl)tri-4-tolylbismuth, 4 35... 

Bismuth oxycarbonate is used in cosmetics, enamel fluxes, ceramic glazes, plastic and artificial horn products. It also is used as an opacifier in x-ray diagnosis and in medicine for treatment of gastric ulcers, diarrhea and enteritis. 

Recently, different producers have developed bismuth vanadate pigments for the use in plastics. These pigments are used in every type of polymer, especially in polyethylene and technical plastics. 

Some of tlie salts of bismuth are used in medicines for the relief of digestive disorders because of the smooth, protective coating the compounds impart to imtated mucous membranes. Like barium, bismuth also is used as an aid in x-ray diagnostic procedures because of its opacity to x-rays. At one time, certain bismuth compounds were used in the treatment of syphilis. Bismuth oxychloride, which is pcarlcsccnt, has found use in cosmetics, imparting a frosty appearance to nail polish, eye shadow, and lipstick, but may be subject to increasing controls. Bismuth phosphomolybdate has been used as a catalyst in the production of acrylonitrile for use in synthetic fibers and paints. Bismuth oxide and subcarbonate are used as fire retardants for plastics. 

Ti02-mica pigments are used in all color formulations of conventional pigments where brilliance and luster are required in addition to color, i.e., in plastics, coatings, printing, and cosmetics. Table 5.15 contains a comparative overview of Ti02-mica, basic lead carbonate, bismuth oxychloride, and natural fish silver pigments. Some further physical data are summarized in Table 5.16. 

On the other hand, the uses of nonorganic compounds of bismuth in alloys, metallurgical additives and chemicals are still increasing, especially in pearlescent pigments for cosmetics and plastics, and in varistors and ceramic capacitors. 

The metal (zinc, nickel, etc.) dithiophosphonates are attractive antioxidants in lubricants and plastics,124,125 and vulcanization accelerators (more active than analogous dithiophosphates).126 Many metal dithiophosphonates can be extracted with organic solvents and this property can be exploited for analytical applications, e.g., for copper(II) and bismuth(III) (O-hexyl)butyldithio-phosphonates,127 nickel(II), cobalt(II), and palladium(II) (0-ethyl)methyldithiophosphonates,128 platinum(IV), palladium(II), and gold(III) (O-ethyl)methyldithiophosphonates,129 and noble and rare metal (O-methyl)methyldithiophosphonates.130... 

The next generation electrical contact materials based on bismuth-silver compositions are suitable for automobile sectors, since they do not weld or arc under heavy loads. The unique conduction properties of bismuth have led to the production of plastics with a built-in shielding protection against electromagnetic or radio-frequency interferences and electrostatic discharge which create serious disturbance to the electronic equipment around us. 

In the plastic industry, bismuth compounds are used as stabilizers, plasticizers and additives of some sort. They also impart a flame-retardant or smoke-inhibiting property to plastics and artificial fibers. 

When the laboratory processes are applied to a strip copper mine, a long plastic pipe with many small holes is spread over the mine and the solution of ferric sulfate is sprayed on the ores. The solution containing cupric sulfate flows down the mine hill, collects in a pool made of acid-resistant concrete, and crude metal copper is obtained from the solution by substitution with metal iron. Besides copper, molybdenum, bismuth, zinc, etc. are leached from the respective ores using the bacterium. However, at present bacterial leaching is not carried out in Japan. 

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