6- -2,2 bipyridine, with ruthenium

A facile synthesis of tris(2,2 -bipyridme)ruthemum(II) perchlorate trihydrate 209 in 86% yield has been developed by a reaction of 2,2 -bipyridine with ruthenium(III) chloride trihydrate in ethylene glycol within 20 min under MWI, followed by a reaction with NaC104 (Scheme 44) (94CL2443) eonventional heating required 4 h. 

Constable, E.C. and Hannon, M.J. (1993) Solvent effects in the reactions of 6-phenyl-2,2 -bipyridine with ruthenium(II) Inorg. Chim. Acta, 211, 101-110... 

All these polymers with ruthenium terpyridine/bipyridine complexes contain ionic ruthenium complex on the polymer main chain. Other than the... 

Schubert98 proposed the potential use of several ruthenium containing polymers in photovoltaic devices. A ruthenium containing poly(ethylene glycol) derivative 34 was synthesized by the functionalization of 4-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methyl-2,2-bipyridine with polyethylene glycol) (M =2800, PDI=1.05), which was activated with /V,/V-carbonyldiimidazole (Scheme 19)." Applications in solid electrolytes for DSSC was proposed. Polyester 35 was incorporated with... 

Figure 5.51 Applied potential dependence on the photocurrent intensities of RUC7VCeS / Au (O), RuCsVCgS/Au ( ), RuC17S/Au ( ) and RuC13S/Au ( ) electrodes Xex, 470 nm [TEOA] = 5 x 10-2 M [NaC104] = 0.1 M. Reprinted from Thin Solid Films, 350, Y. Koide,N. Terasaki,T. Akiyama and S. Yamada, Effects of spacer-chain length on the photoelectrochemical responses of mono-layer assemblies with ruthenium tris(2,2 -bipyridine)-viologen linked disulfides, 223-227, Copyright (1999), with permission from Elsevier Science...

The quinquepyridine ligand 7 forms a dinuclear, single-stranded helicate with ruthenium(II) ions (8) [133]. The crystal structure shows two different six-coordinate metallic sites, with one ruthenium(II) coordinated to a ter-pyridine subunit of 7 and the second ruthenium(II) bound to the remaining bipyridine subunit (Fig. 10). The helical twist of the strand (74.9°) results... 

Since a general principle predicts that a larger separation evokes a slow-down of the back electron transfer, an androstane bridge was selected to separate the fullerene core from a [Ru(bpy)3] + complex (bpy = 2,2 -bipyridine) with an edge-to-edge distance of 11.5 A (dyad 14) [336]. The ruthenium MLCT excited state was found to convert, upon excitation, into the [Ru(bpy)3] +-C6o state with intra-... 

In another research, fullerene (Ceo) was attached to N3 dye (cis-bis(4,4-dicarboxy-2,2-bipyridine)dithiocyanato ruthenium(II)) via diaminohydrocarbon linkers (L) with different carbon chain lengths. The results of this study indicated that in the case of the linker 1,6-diaminohexane, the current density, applied potential and conversion efficiency of the pertaining cell were 11.75 mA/cm, 0.70 V and 4.5%, respectively, as compared with the values of 10.55 mA/cm, 0.68V and 4.0%, respectively, for a DSSC with an ordinary N3 dye [198]. 

Products with enhanced photophysical properties were obtained by copolymerization of a ruthenium complex of 4-vinyl-4 -methyl-2,2 -bipyridine with coumarin-2 (route A) or by a polymer analogous reaction of the appropriate copolymer with Ru(bpy)3 (route B). Using route A, copolymers containing up to 25% bipyridine monomer units can be produced (Eq. 4-41) [123]. 

Figure 38.2 shows, the most well-known Ru complexes, that is, ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, for DSSCs such as N3, N719, and N749 (black dye) [11, 22, 38]. Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes are synthesized by the reaction of the polypyridyl ligand with ruthenium trichloride [10, 39]. The synthesis of polypyridyl ligands is well reported in the literature [40]. As an example, N3 has two bipyridine and two thiocyanato (NCS) ligands [35] the latter of which, being loosely... 

Reaction of 6,6 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine with Ru3(GO)i2 results in the loss of GO from one of the three Ru atoms and chelating coordination of the bipy nitrogens to the ruthenium concomitant with this is the G-H activation of one of the two methyl groups to form the complex Ru3(/x-H)2(//3-HGbipyMe)(GO)8 80. ... 

Sandwich-type electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent immunoassays have been developed by functionalizing CNT electrodes with antibodies. For example, Wohlstadter et al. covalently coupled streptavidin to CNTs through amide bond formation between CNT carboxyl groups and primary amine groups of streptavidin. Biotinylated antibodies for a-fetoprotein (AFP) were then immobilized on the streptavidin/CNT electrode to capture the target protein analyte. Detection was based on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal generated by a second antibody labeled with ruthenium(II) tris(2,2 -bipyridine) Ru(bpy)j... 

I. Yu., Grineva, L.G., Polishchuk, A.P., and Chernega, A.N., Products of quaternization of 4,4 -bipyridine with halogenated carboxylic acids. Synthesis, structure and photoreduction in the crystalline state, Russ. J. Gen. Chem., 68, 609, 1998 (d) Suzuki, M., Kimura, M., Hanabusa, K., and Shirai, H., Reversible color changes induced by photosensitized charge separation in partially quaternized poly(l-vinylimidazole)-bound ruthenium(ll) complex and viologen hlms, Eur. Polym. 

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