Biphenyl catabolism

Peng X, E Masai, D Kasai, K Miyauchi, Y Katayama, M Fukuda (2005) A second 5-carboxyvanillate carboxylase gene, lig W2, is important for lignin-related biphenyl catabolism in Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 5014-5021. 

Furukawa, K-, Hayase, N., Taira, K. Tomizuka, N. (1989)- Molecular relationship of chromosomal genesencoding biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl catabolism some soil bacteria possess a highly conserved bph operon. Journal of Bacteriology, 171, 5467-72. 

The ubiquitous occurrence of bacteria, which can utilize biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and energy, has been reported. Several species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria have been shown to degrade biphenyl and PCBs. The main pathway for biphenyl catabolism is outlined in Figure 3 [58-66]. 

Furukawa K, JR Simon, AM Chakrabarty (1983) Common induction and regulation of biphenyl, xylene/tolu-ene, and salicylate catabolism in Pseudomonas paucimobilis. J Bacterial 154 1356-1362. 

Hernandez BS, JJ Arensdorf, DD Focht (1995) Catabolic characteristic of biphenyl-ntilizing isolates which cometabolize PCBs. Biodegradation 6 75-82. 

Sylvestre M (1995) Biphenyl/chlorobiphenyls catabolic pathway of Comamonas testosteroni B-356 prospect for use in bioremediation. Int Biodet Biodeg 35 189-211. 

Khan, A. A., Tewari, R. Walia, S. K. (1988). Molecular cloning of 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase i nvolved i n the catabolic pathway of chlori nated biphenyl from Pseudomonas putida and its expression in Escherichia coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54, 2664-71. 

Zylstra, G. J.,Chauhan,S. Gibson, D. T. (1990). Degradation of chlorinated biphenyls by Escherichia coli containing cloned genes of the Pseudomonas putida FI toluene catabolic pathways. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Hazardous Waste Research Symposium Remedial Action, Treatment, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste, pp. 290-302. EPA/600/9-90/037. Cincinnati, OH U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Nagaoka, S., H. Miyazaki, Y. Aoyama and A. Yoshida. Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls on cholesterol catabolism in rats. Br. J. Nutr. 64 161—169, 1990. 

Barriault, D., J. Durand, H. Maaroufi, L.D. Eltis, and M. Sylvestre. 1998. Degradation of polychlorinaterd biphenyl metabolites by naphthalene-catabolizing enzymes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 4637-4642. 

The first step of the bijdienyl catabolic pathway (Figure 3) is catalized by the biphenyl 2,3-dioi genase. It catalyzes the formation of a 2,3-... 

Figure 3. Catabolic pathway for degradation of biphenyl and PCB by bacteria. I, biphenyl II, 2,3-dihydroxy-4-phenylhexa-2,4-diene (2,3-dihydrodiol) HI, 2,3-dihydro] biphenyl IV, 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (meto-cleavage compound) V, benzoic add.

In parallel with molecular nonculture methods, the well-established methods of enrichment culture are more frequently being applied under anaerobic and other nonstandard conditions in an effort to obtain novel microbial types. This approach also suggests that biodegradative capabilities are more widespread in the microbial world than has been appreciated by some. For example, halophiles have been identified which metabolize nitroarenes, and members of the Heliobacterium group are known that catabolize polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorophenols (O Table 15.2). These and other recent observations are expanding the taxonomic range of bacteria that catabolize environmental pollutants. Further experiments are likely to expand this further. 

---