Biotin-streptavidin approach

More recently the application of the biotin-streptavidin approach has been extensively used by Niemeyer and coworkers in order to construct and manipulate supramolecular assemblies of DNA.266 In the formation of three-dimensional networks of DNA, streptavidin acted predominantly as a bivalent linker defining the spatial arrangement of the DNA fragments (Figure 7.40).267 Interestingly, thermal treatment led to well defined nanocircles within which one streptavidin molecule connecting both ends of the DNA.268,269 Although... 

The Biotin-Streptavidin Approach The synthesis of giant amphiphiles was first reported by the group of Nolte, using the well-established biotin-streptavidin approach (Figure 7.38).270... 

AlexaFluor 488 maleimide Cysteine mutant/cysteines approach using biotin-streptavidin ... 

Kakabakos SE, Khosravi MJ. Direct time-resolved fluorescence inunimoassay of progesterone in serum involving the biotin streptavidin system and the iimnobihzed-antibody approach. Clin. Chem. 1992 38 725-730. 

Central to secondary label systems is the strategy chosen to introduce the primary label into the hybrid complex. Most approaches rely on the introduction of small modifications in the probe to avoid interference during hybridization. The two major secondary label/detec-tion systems are biotin/streptavidin and hapten/antibody, whereas... 

S. Miyamoto and P. A. Kollman. Absolute and relative binding free energy calculations of the interaction of biotin and its analogs with streptavidin using molecular dynamics/free energy perturbation approaches. Proteins, 16 226-245, 1993. 

Miyamoto S and P A Kollman 1993a. Absolute and Relative Binding Tree Energy Calculations of the Interaction of Biotin and its Analogues with Streptavidin Using Molecular Dynamics/Free Energy Perturbation Approaches. Proteins Structure, Function and Genetics 16 226-245. 

A variation on the theme of conventional assay uses both lanthanide-labeled and biotin-labeled single strands to form split probes for sequence of target strands (Figure 12).120 When both of these bind to DNA, the complex binds (via the biotin residue) to a surface functionalized with streptavidin, immobilizing the europium and allowing assay to be carried out. This approach is already very sensitive to DNA sequence, since both sequences must match to permit immobilization of the lanthanide, but can be made even more sensitive by using PCR (the polymerase chain reaction) to enhance the concentration of DNA strands. In this way, initial concentrations corresponding to as few as four million molecules can be detected. This compares very favorably with radioimmunoassay detection limits. 

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