Biotechnological pharmaceuticals advances

We hope that this book, devoted to biomaterials, biotechnology, and advanced materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, will be valued academic and industrial researchers, research managers, and industrial strategic planners, as well as graduate students. It will provide readers with access to state-of-the-art coverage of primary research and concise reviews of k areas, presented by authorities in (fiverse areas of biological and biome[Pg.344]

Gerwick, W.H. Bemart, M.W. In Advances in Marine Biotechnology Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products O.R. Zaborsky, D.H. Attaway, D.H., Editors Plenum Press New York, 1992, pp. 101-152. 

The current or potential iadustrial appHcations of microemulsions iaclude metal working, catalysis, advanced ceramics processiag, production of nanostmctured materials (see Nanotechnology), dyeiag, agrochemicals, cosmetics, foods, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology (9,12—18). Environmental and human-safety aspects of surfactants have begun to receive considerable attention (19—21). 

A third advancement in microbial biotechnology of steroid production was the abiUty to introduce a 16a-hydroxyl group microbiologicaHy (163). Modifications of the liP-hydroxylation, 16a-hydroxylation 1,2-dehydrogenation microbial processes are used for the synthesis of hydrocortisone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, and other steroid pharmaceuticals. A few microbial transformations that have been used to manufacture steroids are Hsted in Table 1 (164). 

As will be evident from the above discussion many valuable chemicals can be made from renewable resources. In many cases current production methods fail to compete effectively with routes from fossil sources. With advances in biotechnology and increasing oil prices, renewable feedstocks will become more commercially attractive, especially for fine, speciality and pharmaceutical chemicals. If future bulk chemical production were to... 

Progress in instrumentation has considerably improved the sensitivity of fluorescence detection. Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques allow detection at single molecule level, which opens up new opportunities for the development of fluorescence-based methods or assays in material sciences, biotechnology and in the pharmaceutical industry. 

Articulating the three concepts for harmonization was particularly important. Prospective and retrospective clarify the distinction between work required to avoid conflict when establishing standards for pharmacopeial articles for which standards do not exist, or where few standards exist among the pharmacopeias, from work required to reconcile differences among well-established standards for articles that may have been in the pharmacopeias for considerable time. Prospective harmonization was inaugurated for biotechnology-derived products. Retrospective harmonization focused on pharmaceutical excipients and analytical tests and methods. Forward harmonization expresses a philosophy and environment for harmonization consistent with advances in pharmaceutical analysis. 

---