Biosynthetic pathways engineering

Fig. 53.5 Biosynthetic pathways engineered in S. cerevisiae for the production of varieties of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and stilbenes...

Ye, X. et al.. Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science 287, 303, 2000. 

Generation of mutants is also a starting point in optimization experiments, and now is the time for metabolic engineering of the astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway. Researchers should be able to manage carbon fluxes within the cells and resolve competitions between enzymes such as phytoene desaturase and lycopene cyclase. 

Verdoes, J.C. et al., Metabolic engineering of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous Phaffia rhodozyma), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 3728, 2003. 

Figure 11.3 Principle of combinatorial biosynthesis. Genetic engineering and recombination of the biosynthetic pathways are two major strategies in combinatorial biosynthesis to expand structural diversity...

Wilkinson, B. and Micklefield, J. (2007) Mining and engineering natural-product biosynthetic pathways. Nature Chemical Biology, 3, 379. 

In Fig. 5, the biosynthetic pathways for the production of PHA with novel composition of hydroxyalkanoates and the enzymes involved are shown. The level of metabolic intermediates, which is determined by the cellular metabolic activities, is important for the synthesis of a desired PHA. Having the engineered metabolic pathways at hand, PHA synthase plays an important role affecting the composition of PHAs, because of substrate specificity of PHA synthase. 

Katsumoto Y, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Fukui Y et al (2007) Engineering of the rose flavonoid biosynthetic pathway successfully generated blue-hued flowers accumulating delphinidin. Plant Cell Physiol 48 1589-1600... 

Outlook Pathway Engineering of Gene Clusters and Biosynthetic... 

Shimada, Y. et al.. Genetic engineering of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway with flavonoid-3, 5 -hydroxylase specific switching of the pathway in petunia. Plant Cell Rep., 20, 456, 2001. 

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