Biosynthesis and Assembly

Besides the phage and colicin receptor proteins, there is only one enzyme, a phospholipase, which has been suggested to exist in the outer membrane. Recently, Wu and Heath reported that there is a protein which is covalently linked to the lipid A portion of the lipopolysaccharide. Since it has been estimated that there are about 3.5 x 10 lipopolysaccharide molecules per cell (surface area = 4 this protein should be 

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Whitfield, C. Biosynthesis and assembly of capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli. Annu Rev Biochem 75 (2006) 39-68. 

This chapter will review the current mechanisms strictly operating in the biogenesis of the 0-specific EPS. More comprehensive information on the biosynthesis and assembly of other EPS components and capsular polysaccharides can be found in recent reviews. ... 

The biosynthesis and assembly of extracellular matrix with angiogenesis and vascular invasion is a prerequisite to restore the architecture of skeletal structures with a constellation of extracellular matrix components [5]. Therefore, a critical provision for tissue engineering is the sculpturing of the optimal extracellular matrix scaffolding [5] for the transformation of responding cells into secretory bone cells and osteoblasts. 

The bacterial cell membrane is the site of many important cellular functions transport mechanisms for ions and metabolites, biosynthesis and assembly of... 

Since penicillins and cephalosporins are antibiotics that inhibit biosynthesis and assembly of the peptidoglycan-containing cell walls present in prokaryotes (81), it is imperative for the prokaryotic penicillin/cephalosporin producers to possess a mechanism for... 

Biosynthesis and Assembly of Periplasmic and Outer Membrane Proteins... 

Both somatic and microspore-derived embryos of oil plants are valuable tools in applied lipid biochemistry. It is well known from the Uterature that cultured embryos of various oil plants accumulate triaeylglycerols during maturation and that they synthesize unusual fatty adds found in the seeds. The capacity of cultured embryos and embryogenic cells of oil plants as model systems is, therefore, reviewed with respect to their usefulness in studying the mechanisms of genetic control of biosynthesis and assembly of triacylglycerols in oil seeds. 

Osborn, M. J. (1979). Biosynthesis and assembly of the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane. In Bacterial Outer Membranes, M. Inouye, ed. (New York Wiley), pp. 15-34. 

Whitfield, C., and Troy, F. A., 1984, Biosynthesis and assembly of the polysialic acid capsule in Escherichia coli Kl Activation of sialyl polymer synthesis in inactive sialyltransferase complexes requires protein synthesis, J. Biol. Chem. 259 12776-12780. 

Biosynthesis and Assembly of the Outer Membrane Proteins of Escherichia coli... 

Nelson N, Nelson H and Schatz G (1980) Biosynthesis and assembly of the proton translocating ATPase complex from chloroplasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 1361-1364. 

Taken together. Figs. 1 and 2 indicate that levulinic acid interupts the recovery of cells from iron deficiency. We do not know if the inhibitor prevents iron uptake. Yet, it is clear that the biosynthesis and assembly of chlorophyll and phycocyanin into the membrane is depressed, yielding cells with enhanced original and depressed variable fluorescence. These characteristics might indicate a partial uncoupling of chlorophyll from PS II or PS I reaction centers, a conclusion which must await further testing. 

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