Biosensors, arrays voltammetric

Gutes, A., Ibanez, A. B., del Valle, M., and Cespedes, F. (2006). Automated SIA e-tongue employing a voltammetric biosensor array for the simultaneous determination of glucose and ascorbic acid. Electroanalysis 18(1), 82-88. 

However, it should be mentioned that there is a flexible hand-held electrochemical instrument on the market, which can be programmed to be used in a variety of voltammetric/amperometric modes in the field [209]. Although the majority of biosensor applications described in this review were for single analyte detection, it is very likely that future directions will involve development of biosensor arrays for multi-analyte determinations. One example of this approach has been described in an earlier section, where five OPs could be monitored with an array of biosensors based on mutant forms of AChE from D. melanogaster [187]. This array has considerable potential for monitoring the quality of food, such as wheat and fruit. Developments and applications of biosensors in the area of food analysis are expected to grow as consumer demand for improved quality and safety increases. Another area where biosensor developments are likely to increase significantly is in the field of environmental analysis, particularly with respect to the defence of public... 

Gutes et al. [113] have described an automated procedure based on voltammetric electronic tongue formed by a biosensor array for the determination of glucose in fruit juice samples. Linear sweep voltammetric signals were obtained with high selectivity and artificial neural networks were used as the modeling tool. 

In the next step of complexity, and also in the proper conceptual idea of BioETs, I will include the design of analysis systems with biosensor arrays incorporating one-enzyme biosensor and, as the rest of sensors in the array, conventional type potentiometric or voltammetric sensors. With this conceptual design, the application normally performed is the determination of a specific substrate or group of substrates in presence of interferents. 

An older general review by Stefan et al. [2] considers mathematical modeling for data processing (including a variety of chemometric methods such as linear and nonlinear partial least squares, fuzzy neural networks, and multivariate analysis of variance), designs for electrochemical sensor arrays as well as applications in environmental, food and clinical analysis. Arrays of potentiometric ion-selective electrodes, piezoelectric crystal sensors, and voltammetric biosensors, as well as the electronic nose gas-phase sensor arrays are reviewed. 

The work reported the applicability of a voltammetric BioET to the monitoring of different phenolic pollutants present in wastewaters. Voltammetric responses obtained from an array of bulk-modified (bio)sensors, containing enzymes such as tyrosinase and laccase, were combined with chemometric tools such as ANNs for building the quantitative prediction model. The four voltammetric electrodes prepared consisted in one blank electrode plus three (bio)composite electrodes modified with tyrosinase, tyrosinase-i-laccase and Cu nanoparticles. This choice was intended as to maximize the response of the (bio)sensor array towards phenolic compounds. That is, on one side, tyrosinase and laccase were chosen as they are extensively used for the development of amperometric biosensors aimed to the detection of phenolic compounds on the other side, copper nanoparticles were also considered due to the well-known catalytic properties of nanoparticles and the importance of copper in the two enzymes used. To fully exploit all the information... 

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