Biosensor chip

Nelson, R. W., Nedelkov, D., and Tubbs, K. A. (2000). Biosensor chip mass spectrometry A chip-based proteomics approach. Electrophoresis 21, 1155-1163. 

Preininger, Claudia, Sauer, Ursula., Design, quality control and normalization of biosensor chips, In Optical Sensors for Inductrial, Environmental and Diagnostic Applications, Otto S. Wolfbeis, Rainer Narayanaswamy, ed. Springer, 2003. 

Grubor, N.M., Shinar, R., Jankowiak, R., Porter, M.D., and Small, G.J. (2004) Novel biosensor chip for simultaneous detection of DNA-carcinogen adducts with low-temperature fluorescence. Biosens. 

Zhong, X., Reynolds, R., Kidd, J.R., Kidd, K.K., Jenison, R., Marlar, R.A., and Ward, D.C. (2003) Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping on optical thin-film biosensor chips. PNAS 100, 11559-11564. 

For reference methods, HPLC with various detectors has become the standard reference technique for analysis of food additives, but new developments in this area are mainly linked to detector technology. Diode array detectors have not totally met the expectations of food analysts in terms of their specificity and LC-MS is likely to fill the gap. Specific detection with biosensor chips may also have a future for certain analyses. The use of combined LC-MS/DAD systems is... 

Li, Y.L, et al. (2006) Reversible immobilization of proteins with streptavidin affinity tags on a surface plasmon resonance biosensor chip. Anal Bioanal Chem. 386, 1321-6. 

Figure 9 Illustration of the combined SPR-based BIA/MS approach (139). Deriva-tized biosensor chips, having multiple (2-4) flow cells each, are used in the real-time SPR-BIA analysis of interactions between surface-bound receptors and solution-phase ligands. The sensor chips are removed from the biosensor after SPR-BIA, with ligands still retained within the flow cells, and prepared for MALDI-TOF by application of an appropriate matrix to the flow cells. The matrix solution disrupts the receptor-ligand interaction, liberating the ligand into solution for incorporation into the matrix crystals. With proper application of the matrix, the crystals settle onto the original location of the interaction and spatial resolution between flow cells is preserved. The flow cells are targeted individually during MALDI-TOF and the retained ligand(s) are detected at precise and characteristic m/z values.

Maesawa, C., Inaba, T., Sato, H., lijima, S., Ishida, K., Terashima, M., Sato, R., Suzuki, M., Yashima, A., Ogasawara, S., Oikawa, H., Sato, N., Saito, K., and Masuda, T. (2003). A rapid biosensor chip assay for measuring of telomerase activity using surface plasmon resonance. Nucleic Acids Res. 31 e4. 

SPR and a biosensor chip with IL-6D as immobilised affinity ligand (A) Evaluation of the binding constant for the interaction of sIL-6R with immobilised IL-6 (Ky ), Rp corresponding to the plateau response obtained at equilibrium. (B) Determination of the binding constant for the interaction between sIL-6R and IL-6 in solution by... 

Fig. 1 Biomolecular interaction analysis/mass spectrometry (BIA/MS). Biosensor chips are derivatized with affinant (or used with an affinant of streptavidin) and used in the BIA analysis of biological fluids. The chips are then introduced into a MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometer and retained ligands analyzed by virtue of molecular weight.

Biotinylated K138C and mutant 1 were immobilized onto streptavidin-derivatized biosensor chips (Pharmacia SA5) by direct injection. Kinetic analysis of the binding of soluble IL-IR to the immobilized forms of IL-ip was carried out at low density, i.e. below 100 refractive units (RU). Each binding cycle, with either soluble rhIL-lR (Genzyme) or... 

Figure 1. Sensorgram traces for binding experiments in which different concentrations of rhlL-l were allowed to bind to anti-IL-1 Fab immobilized on a biosensor chip. The arrow indicates the time at which analyte was injected.

The simple and inexpensive electrochemical detection systems are easier to miniaturize and included within the biosensor chip than their optical counterparts. They will thus lead to truly miniaturized systems in the near future. However, improvements in the optoelectronic technology will allow... 

H. MALDl on a Chip Analysis of Arrays of Low-Eemtomole to Subfemto-mole Quantities of Synthetic Oligonucleotides and DNA Diagnostic Products Dispensed by a Piezoelectric Pipet, Anal. Chem. 69,4540—4546 (1997). Nelson, R.W. Nedelkov, D. Tubbs, K.A. Biosensor Chip Mass Spectrometry A Chip-Based Proteomics Approach, Electrophoresis 21,1155-1163 (2000). 

Fig. 2 Microfluidic biosensor chip. Pictorial representation of a piezoelectric bioassay a piezoelectric acoustic wave device (such as a quartz crystal resonator) is coated with a selective, passivating layer to which an analyte-specific receptor can be immobilised. Liquid containing the analyte of interest is then passed across the surface using appropriate microfluidics, which results in selective capture of the analyte. This additional bound material in turn modulates resonance of the acoustic wave device, which is transformed into an electrical signal due to the piezoelectric effect...

The cation electrode was thus capable of measuring urea concentrations ranging from 5 x 10 M to 2 x 10" M. Miniaturization of this sensor has led to its deployment on a disposable biosensor chip used for near-patient monitoring of urea, as well as various electrolytes (figure 5.10). 

Fig. 4 Photograph of an integrated biosensor with laminated microfluidic. At top of the glucose-lactate-glutamate biosensor chip the mixing structure can be seen...

This is the basis for SPR biosensor chips for measuring the binding kinetics of biological molecules. The biosensor consists of a thin metal... 

Hohensinner V, Maier I, Pittner F (2007). A gold cluster-linked immunosorbent assay optical near-field biosensor chip for the detection of allergenic beta-lactoglobuUn in processed milk matrices. J. Biotechnol, 130(4) 385-388. 

Surface plasmon resonance biosensor chip Freshness meter Clark oxygen electrode... 

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