Bioreactors summary

Bioreactors Bone Tissue Engineering Bioreactor Cartilage Tissue Engineering Bioreactors Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering Bioreactors Summary and Challenges Acknowledgment References... 

This chapter discusses the kinetics, modeling and simulation of biochemical reactions, types and scale-up of bioreactors. The chapter provides definitions and summary of biological characteristics. 

A summary of the maximum concentrations that must be attained at contaminated sites after bioremediation, and discussion and exemplification of the various strategies that may be used—in situ, on-site, and bioreactors (Wilson and Jones 1993). 

In summary, the effect of dextrans can be positive or negative depending on the cell type, bioreactor or even dextran grade and make used, but all experimental evidence so far suggests that dextran offers no mechanical protection. Dextrans and modified starches should not be used as protectants against shear damage. 

In summary, intraparticle oxygen hmitation is an intrinsic property of SSF systems, even if operation of a bioreactor enables high concentrations to be maintained in the interparticle air spaces [122]. At least some of the biomass will have little oxygen available for the majority of the fermentation. Of course this is one of the reasons why the density of penetrative hyphae quickly falls with depth below the particle surface [109]. 

Doran (39) has presented a summary of phenomena to which investigators have attributed cell damage in bioreactors ... 

The remainder of this book is organized as follows. All bioreactors have common modes of operation, which are described in Chapter 2. General gas-liquid mass transfer considerations are then summarized in Chapter 3. Various hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer measure techniques are then outlined in Chapter 4, followed by a summary of multiphase flow modeling... 

The Monod equation is not the only unstructured, nonsegregated empirical model of bioreactor cell growth. Others can be found in the summaries provided by Bellgardt (2000a), Dunn et al. (2003), or Nielsen et al. (2003). 

TABLE 12.2 Summary of Less Important and Novel Bioreactors... 

The Verax system comprises a bioreactor (fluidization tube), a control system (for pH, oxygen, medium flow rates), gas and heat exchanger, and medium supply and harvest vessels. The system is run continuously for long periods (typically over 100 days). In the authors laboratory it produced 15 x 10 cells/ hire and 540 mg mAb/litre/day (compared to 166 in the fixed bed described above, 25.5 in a stirred reactor, and 18.5 mg in an airlift fermenter). Protocols for its operation come with the equipment and versions have been published (41). In summary it is probably the most productive system available giving the cells a very high specific production rate but does require some skill to operate to its maximum potential... 

The coupling of encapsulation technologies with cell culture techniques permits the extended use of these bioreactors with complex tissue systems such as islet clusters. Existing reactor systems are also useful in obtaining the basic transport and reaction kinetics parameters necessary to design the novel devices required for biomedical applications. In summary, the relevance of this work to the biotechnology and health care-based industries is in the development, of artificial organ systems, extra-corporeal devices to... 

U S. EPA 2007. Bioreactor Performance Summary Paper, EPA530-R-07-007 U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste, Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Management Division. 

TABLE 38.1 Summary of the Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Bioreactor Systems Used for Stem Cell Culture... 

From this summary of a WWTP process train we can see that an MFC would replace the AS or TF treatment system. The MFC is a biological treatment process, and thus its function will be to remove BOD in the same manner as accomplished by the AS aeration tank or the TF. There are four main advantages of using an MFC instead of one of these conventional bioreactors ... 

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