Bioprosthetic valves

Hywel Davies reported of temporarily treatment of aortic regurgitation with a parachute valve mounted onto a catheter tip in 1965 (34). Twenty-seven years later Andersen and his colleagues described the first experience with a bioprosthetic valve attached to a wire-based stent and mounted on a balloon valvuloplasty catheter (35). In 2002, Alain Cribier performed the first transcatheter valve implantation in an elderly patient with inoperable aortic stenosis using a prototype of a stent-mounted, pericardial, tricuspid aortic valve (36). 

Carbodiimides are also used to crosslink bioprosthetic materials to enhance their stability prior to implantation. For example, anticalcihcation treatment for porcine bioprosthetic valves can be conducted using carbodiimides. 

Warfarin reduces calcium deposition in spontaneously degenerated bioprosthetic valves (4). 

Stein PD, Riddle JM, Kemp SR, Lee MW, Lewis JW, Magilligan DJ Jr. Effect of warfarin on calcification of spontaneously degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985 90(l) 119-25. 

In addition, a recent publication described the feasibility of placing a transcatheter bioprosthetic valve at the site of a surgical mitral valve replacement in a bovine model (37). This type of approach may eventually be used in lieu of repeat open surgical replacement for patients with a failing mitral valve bioprosthesis. 

Sabbah, H.N., Hamid, M.S., and Stem, P.D. 1985. Estimation of mechanical stresses on closed cusps of porcine bioprosthetic valves effect of stiffening, focal calcium and focal thinning. Am. J. Cardiol. 55 1091-1097. 

Thubrikar, M.J., Skinner, J.R., and Nolan, S.P. 1982a. Design and stress analysis of bioprosthetic valves in vivo. In Cardiac Bioprostheses. Cohn, L.H. and Gallucci, V., Eds., Yorke Medical Books, New York, pp. 445 55. 

Dunmore-Buyze, J., Boughner, D.R., Macris, N., and Vesely, I. 1995. A comparison of macroscopic lipid content within porcine pulmonary and aortic valves implications for bioprosthetic valves. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 110 1756-1761. 

S.H. Chu, C.R. Hung, Y.J. Yang, Comparison of long term results of various card iac valvular prostheses, in E. Bod nar, M. Yacoub (Eds.), Biologic and Bioprosthetic Valves, Yorke Medical Books, New York, 1984, pp. 805-816. 

Replacement of heart valves was introduced into clinical practice around 1960. In the past few years, heart valves have been among the most apphed cardiovascular prostheses, which have had a dramatic effect on patients suffering from valvular diseases [120,121], Currently, clinically accepted heart valves include mechanical valves and bioprosthetic valves of porcine or bovine origins. Mechanical valves... 

With the recent advances in the development of novel polymeric biomaterials along with surface modification techniques, significant research effort has been devoted toward fabrication of fully polymeric valves as an attractive alternative to mechanical and bioprosthetic valves [128]. Development of these types of valves is specifically appealing, since polymeric materials offer significant flexibility in terms of material properties and manufacturing process to achieve reduced thrombogenicity and improved durability and biocompatibility [127,128]. However, fully poly-... 

Hammermeister, K., Sethi, G. K., Henderson, W. G., Grover, F. L., Oprian, C., and Rahimtoola, S. H., Outcomes IS years after valve replacement with a mechanical versus a bioprosthetic valve Final report of the Veterans Affairs Randomized Trial, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2(XX) 36(4) 1152-1158. 

Wagner, W. R., Johnson, P. C., Kormos, R. L., and Griffith, B. P., Evaluation of bioprosthetic valve-associated thrombus in ventricular assist device patients, Circulation, 1993 88(5 pt l) 2023-2029. 

Vesely, I., Boughner, D. R. and Leeson-Dietrich, J. (1995). Bioprosthetic valve tissue viscoelasticity implications on accelerated pulse duplicator testing. Annals of... 

Transcutaneous aortic valve replacements emerge as a bail-out option for nonsurgical candidates. The procedure is based on a stent mounted bioprosthetic valve that unfolds in aortic position after balloon valvuloplasty. One of the risks associated with this procedure is to push calcified patches located on the native valve... 

Yildiz F, Kurtaran B, Cayli M, Candevir A, Siimbiil Z. A significant interaction between moxifloxadn and warfarin in a patient with a mitral bioprosthetic valve. Heart Vessels 2008 23(4) 286-8. 

Long-term fatigue and calcification testing was conducted on six flexible-leaflet prosthetic heart valves fabricated from a polyether-urethane-urea. Three valves exceeded 800 million cycles without failure, while three valves failed at 775,460 and 544 million cycles, respectively. Calcification was observed with and without associated failure in regions of high strain. Comparison was made with valves prepared from polyether-urethane. The results indicated that PU valves could achieve the durabilities required of an implantable prosthetic valve, equalling the fatigue fife of currently-available bioprosthetic valves. 14 refs. 

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