Bioprosthetic heart valves

Chandran, K.B., Schoephoerster, R.T., Wurzel, D., Hansen, G., Yu, L.-S., Pantalos, G., and Kolff, W.J. 1989b. Hemodynamic comparison of polyurethane trileaflet and bioprosthetic heart valves. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif Intern. Organs (ASAIO) 35 132-138. 

Hamid, M.S., Sabbah, H.N., and Stein, P.D. 1985. Finite element evaluation of stresses on closed leaflets of bioprosthetic heart valves with flexible stents. Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 1 213-225. 

Lee, J.M. and Boughner, D.R. 1991. Bioprosthetic heart valves Tissue mechanics and imphcations for design. In Blood Compatible Materials and Devices. Perspectives Towards the 21st Century. Sharma, C.P. and Szycher, M., Eds., Technomic Publishing Company Inc., Lancaster, PA, pp. 167-188. 

Thubrikar, M.J., Skinner, J.R., Eppink, T.R., and Nolan, S.P. 1982b. Stress analysis of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves in vivo. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 16 811-826. 

Mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves are the two major types of valves that are in clinical use currently. These valves are durable but require anticoagulation therapy continuously upon implantation. Bioprostheses are less durable, causing tissue failure due to leaking in calcified valve, whereas mechanical valves require continuous anticoagulation therapy, which is catastrophic to the patient. Hence, they are not good solutions for... 

Structural components for bioprosthetic heart valves (poly(acetals)], artificial heart housings, catheter components, two-part systems for adhesives (e.g., epoxies)... 

Eybl, E., Grimm, M., Grabenwoger, M., Bock, P., Muller, M. M., and Wolner, E., Endothelial cell lining of bioprosthetic heart valve materials, J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1992 104(3) 763—769. 

Cunanan CM, Cubbling CM, Dinh TT, et al. Tissue characterization and calcification potential of commercial bioprosthetic heart valve. Arm Thorac Surg 2001 71(5 Suppl.) S417-21. 

Some products are manufactured using methods that reduce the risk of calcification following implantation. These anticalcifications are commonly used in cardiac and vascular products such as peripheral vascular grafts and bioprosthetic heart valves where calcification has significant impact on long-term outcomes. In some instances, specific ceU/tissue antigens may be removed via specific chemical treatment. For... 

The use of ECM-derived materials in cardiovascular surgery falls into four broad categories bioprosthetic heart valves, septal defects closure, coronary and peripheral vascular repair, and pericardial closure. Each represents a unique application with significantly different anatomic and physiologic requirements. Several of these are treated in depth by others in this volume or elsewhere. " Of these, pericardial closure is perhaps the most often overlooked procedure and the one I ve elected to review here. 

Vyavahare N, Hirsch D, Lemer E, Baskin JZ, Schoen FJ, Bianco R, Kmth HS, Zand R, Levy RJ. Prevention of bioprosthetic heart valve calcification by ethanol preincubation efficacy and mechanisms. Circulation 1997 95 479-88. 

Wan W, Campbell G, Zhang Z, Hui A, Boughnta D (2002) Optimizing the tensile properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for the construction of a bioprosthetic heart valve stent. J Biomed Mater Res 63 854-861... 

In dystrophic calcifications, the mineralisation occurs without a systemic mineral imbalance as a response to previous cell injury on the microscopic level or any soft tissue damage, including that involved in implantation of medical devices or bioprosthetic heart valves [25], Injury and cell death can cause the release of intracellular phosphate ions and fatty acids into the extracellular environment, where sparingly soluble calcium salts are precipitated in tissues. This type of calcification is particularly common in atherosclerosis and diseases associated with chronic inflammation. 

The main problems related to bioprosthetic heart valves are due to calcification and tissue failure. However, compared to MHVs, these valves offer a physiological flow pattern and require less anticoagulation than mechanical valves. 

Bernacca, G.M., Mackay, T.G., Wheatley, D.J., 1992. In vitro calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves report of a novel method and review of the biochemical factors involved. Journal of Heart Valve Disease 1, 115-130. 

Background Brief History of Heart Valve Prostheses Current Status of Heart Valve Replacement Mechanical versus Bioprosthetic Heart Valves Engineering Concerns and Hemodynamic Assessment of Prosthetic Heart Valves Current Trends in Valve Design Conclusion References... 

The latest major breakthrough pertains to the development of percutaneous bioprosthetic heart valves. The first deployment of a porcine heart valve contained within a stent using a percutaneous approach in an animal heart was achieved by Andersen et al. in 1992 [10]. The first human implant was performed 9 years later by Bonhoeffer et al. [11]. In this procedure, a valve was implanted in the pulmonary position... 

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