Animal models studies with

Amine boranes have been examined by a variety of spectroscopic methods (24—29). The boron-substituted alpha-amino acids have been utilized in animal model studies. These compounds along with their precursors and selected derivatives have been shown to possess antineoplastic, antiarthritic, and hypolipidemic activity (30—32). The boron amino acid analogues are also being evaluated for possible utility in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) (33). 

As alluded to already, a major problem inherent in neuropharmacologic research is the lack of phenotypic changes that are clearly associated with treatment response this difficulty is particularly evident for mood-stabilizing agents [9]. In the absence of suitable animal models, studies have attempted to overcome this experimental hurdle by employing paradigms that involve the identification of com-... 

In the hope of developing either a more effective agent or one with fewer adverse effects, medicinal chemists have synthesized a number of new compounds. Preclinical animal model studies are used to select potentially useful drugs, using a profile of pharmacological properties reflecting differential blockade of dopamine, as well as other neurotransmitter systems (e.g., 5-HT). This research has led to the development of several new classes, as noted earlier in this chapter. 

In recent years, a few fermented dairy products with naturally occurring antihypertensive peptides have been launched in both the Japanese and Finnish market. The Japanese sour milk product Calpis is made by inoculating skim milk with a starter containing L. helveticus and S. cerevisiae. The fermented drink is rich in the peptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro, which have proven to lower blood pressure both in animal model studies and in clinical trials with hypertensive humans (Takano 2002). 

The capacity of assessing hormesis within the context of these endpoints and their public health meaning requires the careful selection of animal model along with appropriate study design. In general, current models and experimental protocols are generally ill equipped to accomplish this essential task. 

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