Biomedical drug analysis

For biomedical trace analysis, three types of detectors are currently popular—the absorption photometric detector, the fluorescence detector, and the electrochemical detector. Although there are other kinds of detectors, only these have the ability to detect 10 -10 g of analyte, the kind of detectability needed in biomedical analysis, especially where small amounts of drugs are concerned. 

Jinno, K., Sawada, H., and Han, Y., Drug analysis by capillary electrophoretic methods. Biomedical Chromatography, 12, 126, 1998. 

Environment (target analysis of single or a few compounds in complex analyte/matrix combinations) Biomedical (drugs and related compounds, and endogenous compounds in biological fluids) Comprehensive LC-LC applied to the entire profiling of proteins and peptide mixtures (proteomics)... 

In biomedical analysis, LC-LC has been used most extensively and successfully in the heart-cut mode for the analysis of drugs and related compounds in matrices Such as plasma, serum or urine. Table 11.1 gives an overview of analytes in biological matrices which have been determined by heart-cut LC-LC systems. A typical example of such an approach is the work of Eklund et al. (16) who determined the free concentration of sameridine, an anaesthetic and analgesic drug, in blood plasma... 

Chowdhury, S.E., Ed. Progress in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Volume 6 Identification and Quantification of Drugs, Metabolites and Metabolizing Enzymes by LC-MS, 2005, New York Elsevier. 

As polarity plays an important role in the analysis of small organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals (most organic compounds can be neutral), the introduction of MEKC resulted in a boom of applications in this area. In biomedical analysis with CE, MEKC is the technique of choice for the analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical preparations or in body fluids. Several groups of drugs have been analyzed with considerable success. A typical... 

Righetti, P. G. (2001). Capillary electrophoretic analysis of proteins and peptides of biomedical and pharmacological interest. Biopharm. Drug Dispos. 22, 337—351. 

LA. Buryakov, Express analysis of explosives, chemical wafare agents and drugs with multicapillary column gas chromatography and ion mobility increment spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 800(1—2) (2004) 75—82. 

A. Aranyi, Progress in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 4 (Identification and Determination of Impurities in Drugs), 2000,240-251. 

Eriksson, M.A.L., Gabrielsson, J. and Nilsson, L.B. (2005) Studies of drug binding to plasma proteins using a variant of equilibrium dialysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 38, 381-389. 

Rao RN, Nagaraju V. An overview of the recent trends in development of HPLC methods for determination of impurities in drugs. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 33, 335-377, 2003. 

Figure 11.5 Chromatograms of plasma samples obtained with fully automated on-line SPE-LC (a) drug-free human plasma (b) human plasma spiked with omeprazole (100 ng/ml) and phenacetin (internal standard 1000 ng/ml). Reprinted from Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 21, G. Garcia-Encina et al., Validation of an automated liquid chromatographic method for omeprazole in human plasma using on-line solid-phase extraction, pp. 371-382, copyright 1999, with permission from Elsevier Science.

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