Biomass, types

Biomass type Substrate mg substrate Y, mg biomass K, mg substrate h, 1 day Remarks... 

B. Volesky, Advances in biosorption of metals Selection of biomass type. FEMS Microbiology reviews, 14, 291-301(1994). 

Table 1 Bioenergy production potentials for selected biomass types in 2050. (Adapted from Hunt [2]).

Guibal E., Milot C. and Tobin J. M., Metal-anion sorption by chitosan beads equilibrium and kinetic studies, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 37 (1998) pp. 1454-1463. G rente C., Andres Y. and Le Cloirec P., Uranium removal onto chitosan competition with organic substances. Environ. Technol., 20 (1999) pp. 515-521. Volesky B., Advances in biosorption of metals selection of biomass types. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 14 (1994) pp. 291-302. 

It is important to examine the potential amounts of energy and biofuels that might be produced from biomass carbon resources and to compare these amounts with fossil fuel demands. This would make it possible to estimate the percentage of energy demand that might be satisfied by particular biomass types. 

Biomass type Marine Freshwater Herbaceous Woody Woody Woody Waste... 

It is sometimes desirable to physically separate potential biomass feedstocks into two or more components for different applications. The subject is quite broad in scope because of the wide range of biomass types processed and the variety of separation methods that are used. Even the harvesting of virgin biomass involves physical separation technologies. Examples are the separation of agricultural biomass into foodstuffs and residues that may serve as fuel or as a raw material for synfuel manufacture, the separation of forest biomass... 

The process sub-models contain a sufficient level of resolution to allow all of the above areas to be examined. All parameters not referred to above are held constant throughout the study. A single "generic biomass type is considered, the data actually ctHTesponding to chipped short rotation poplar wood. 

The objective of this task is to consider, for each biomass type selected in a previous sub-task, the following aspects ... 

The particle size reduction tests for various selected biomass types have been executed in the pilot installation of CIEMAT. A flow diagram of the installation is shown in Figure 1. Basically, the equipment consists of two hammer mills connected in series, the first one has a nominal power of 11 kW and is used for pre-grinding (emshing). The second hammer mill has a nominal power of 15 kW and is used for refining the pre-ground biomass. 

Biomass types Plant living Dead organic Annua] net Annual lilterfall... 

Next, methane and carbon monoxide can be further converted into hydrogen by means of steam reforming or the water-gas shift reaction. The most important pyrolysis reactor types are ablative, fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed and entrained flow reactors. Hydrogen yields can vary substantially with biomass type, facility size and process conditions... 

Liquid fuels equivalent to existing commerical products (kerosine, diesel, jet fuel, high octane gasoline) can be produced using biomass type feedstocks. A summary of potential products and operating conditions is shown in Figure XII and Table XVI. The present status of the project is indicated in Table XVII. Liquid hydrocarbon yields of 50-100 gal/ton of feedstock (dry, ash free) are to be expected. The process is characterized by ... 

Macro-algal biomass types, which are containing significant quantities of carbohydrates, with low amounts of lignin and fermentation inhibitors are interesting alternative substrates for fermentation (43). 

Lignocellulose biomass Type of pretreatment Enzymatic hydrolysis without pretreatment (%) Enzymatic hydrolysis with pre treatment (%) References... 

---