Biomass fires

Baxter, L.L., T.R. Miles, T.R. Miles, Jr., B.M. Jenkins, T.A. Milne, D. Dayton, R.W. Bryers, and L.L. Oden, 1997b. The Behavior of Inorganic Material in Biomass-Fired Boilers An Overview of the Alkali Deposits Project. Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, A.V. Bridgwater and D.G.B. Boocock, eds. Blackie Academic and Professional Press, London, pp. 1424-1446. 

Grate-fired combustors are in use for old biomass-fired plant, while fluid bed combustors are rapidly becoming the preferred technology for biomass combustion because of their low NOx emissions. 

Because the operating temperature is lower, FBC units release more N2O than do PC units. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas that absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide and as such is likely to come under increased scrutiny in the future. The emissions at full load from coal-fired units are around 65 mg/MJ [0.15 Ib/MBtu], but these increase as load is reduced and furnace temperature falls. Measurements from biomass-fired FBCs have not been made. Combustion processes do not contribute greatly to current U.S. N2O emissions agriculture and motor vehicles account for 86 percent of the total. 

Electricity from Cogenerative Biomass Firing Power Plant... 

Laursen, K. K P. V. Hobbs, L. F. Radke, and R. A. Rasmussen, Some Trace Gas Emissions from North American Biomass Fires... 

Yokelson, R. J., D. W. T. Griffith, and D. E. Ward, Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Studies of Large-Scale Laboratory Biomass Fires, . /. Geophys. Res., 101, 21067-21080 (1996). 

Hot and dry meteorological conditions in summer increase the extent of observed biomass fires. For example, the summer of 2010 was exceptionally warm in Eastern Europe and large parts of Russia. With climate change such extreme events are predicted to increase and by the end of the century heat waves of this magnitude are expected to occur every decade [50]. For European Arctic the transport of smokes from more frequent biomass fires may affect the global climate change. Whether the Arctic is getting warmer or colder because of the smoke events is still under evaluation. 

Anttila P, Makkonen U, Hellen H, Kyllonen K, Leppanen S, Saari H, Hakola H (2008) Impact of the open biomass fires in spring and summer of 2006 on the chemical composition of background air in south-eastern Finland. Atmos Environ 42 6472-6486... 

Prasad, S. B., Biomass-fired steam power cogeneration system - A theoretical-study. Energy Conversion Manage 1995, 36 (1), 65-77. 

Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Miles, T. R., Jenkins, B. M., Milne, T., et al., The behavior of inorganic material in biomass-fired power boilers Field and laboratory experiences. Fuel Process Technol 1998, 54 (1-3), 47-78. 

S of biomass fired in FBC to dry gasifier biomass feed 375 tons/day bone dry biomass to gasifier... 

Note, however, that stack gases from biomass-fired boilers contain about 15 wt % moisture, and that at temperatures below 250°C, only a small amount of additional moisture can be absorbed before the gas becomes fully saturated. This is evident from the following equation (Routly, 1991) ... 

Integration of biomass-fired power into local grid... 

Bain R. L., Overend R. P. Craig K. R. (1996) Biomass-fired Power Generation. In the Engineering Foundation s Biomass Usage for Utility and Industrial Power Conference, Snowbird, UT. 

Influence of Ash Composition on Slagging and Defluidisation in a Biomass Fired Commercial CFB Boiler... 

Tranvik, A, E., Sanati, M., Zethraeus, B., and Lybcrg, M. (1999), Study of the bed fouling problems in a biomass fired commercial CFB boiler, Proceedings, International Joint Power Generation Conference, Burlingame, California, USA... 

DEACTIVA TION OF SCR-CA TAL YSTS IN BIOMASS FIRED BOILERS... 

Alkali Deposits Found in Biomass Boilers The behavior of inorganic material in biomass-fired power boilers - field and laboratory experiences, NREL/TP-433-8142, SAND96-8225 VII. 

---